The status of safe drinking water and sanitation in Batabaria, Comilla, Bangladesh

Amin, Mohammad Robed; Ahmed, Wakil; Kashem, Md. Abul

doi:10.4103/1755-6783.50683

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The sample types included: 1) swabs from the walls and door handles of shared/communal and/or public latrines accessed by any neighborhood residents, 2) soil/sand/mud frompublic areas where people gather and children commonly play, 3) open drain water from an open channel, carrying liquid and solid waste, including rainwater, floodwater, and wastewater from toilets and household activities, from locations where community people and children commonly come into contact, 4) bathing water from both municipal and non-municipal water supplies, 5) municipal drinking water (both legal and illegal connections) supplied by Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (WASA) and accessed through piped water into compounds (including flexible pipes) and public taps/stand posts that are provided by the government or managed by someone in the community, 6) non-municipal drinking water (20 L commercially available jars or submersible pumps connected to a deep borehole), 7) surface water from community ponds and/or lakes, 8) floodwater that remains stagnant for at least one hour after rain, 9) produce that were commonly eaten raw, and 10) street food that was sold on the street and commonly consumed by community members including children (Table S2). We considered these to be priority environmental samples based on: 1) self-reported behavior about contact and ingestion from people in the study neighborhoods, 2) likelihood of contamination, as suggested by previous research in Bangladesh [12,14,15,17,18,[24][25][26][27], 3) recommendations from the stakeholders meeting, and 4) information from the KIIs.…”

Section: Enrollment Of Study Neighborhoodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of fecal contamination in multiple environmental sample types in urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh using SaniPath microbial approach

Amin

Rahman

Raj

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Rapid urbanization has led to a growing sanitation crisis in urban areas of Bangladesh and potential exposure to fecal contamination in the urban environment due to inadequate sanitation and poor fecal sludge management. Limited data are available on environmental fecal contamination associated with different exposure pathways in urban Dhaka. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the magnitude of fecal contamination in the environment in low-income, high-income, and transient/floating neighborhoods in urban Dhaka. Ten samples were collected from each of 10 environmental compartments in 10 different neighborhoods (4 low-income, 4 high-income and 2 transient/floating neighborhoods). These 1,000 samples were analyzed with the IDEXX-Quanti-Tray technique to determine most-probable-number (MPN) of E. coli. Samples of open drains (6.91 log 10 MPN/100 mL), surface water (5.28 log 10 MPN/100 mL), floodwater (4.60 log 10 MPN/100 mL), produce (3.19 log 10 MPN/serving), soil (2.29 log 10 MPN/gram), and street food (1.79 log 10 MPN/gram) had the highest mean log 10 E. coli contamination compared to other samples. The contamination concentrations did not differ between low-income and high-income neighborhoods for shared latrine swabs, open drains, municipal water, produce, and street foodsamples. E. coli contamination were significantly higher (p <0.05) in low-income neighborhoods compared to high-income for soil (0.91 log 10 MPN/gram, 95% CI, 0.39, 1.43), bathing water (0.98 log 10 MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 0.41, 1.54), nonmunicipal water (0.64 log 10 MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 0.24, 1.04), surface water (1.92 log 10 MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 1.44, 2.40), and floodwater (0.48 log 10 MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 0.03, 0.92) samples. E. coli contamination were significantly higher (p<0.05) in low-income neighborhoods compared to transient/floating neighborhoods for drain water, bathing water, non-municipal water and surface water.Future studies should examine behavior that brings people into contact with the environment and assess the extent of exposure to fecal contamination in the environment through multiple pathways and associated risks.

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Section: Enrollment Of Study Neighborhoodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of fecal contamination in multiple environmental sample types in urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh using SaniPath microbial approach

Amin

Rahman

Raj

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The poverty rate in rural areas (36%) is higher than urban regions (28%) [ 3 ]. These conditions result in more people suffering from diseases caused by a lack of clean drinking water and sanitation [ 4 ]. Among the poorest, almost one in three people defecates in the open, making the environment unsafe [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have been conducted on sanitation-related issues, such as assessment of health and sanitation status by household characteristics [ 4 , 11 , 12 ], improvement in quantity and quality of sanitation coverage [ 13 ], and the role of NGOs in improving sanitation status [ 14 ]. Yusuf and Hussain have assessed the socioeconomic status of households’ having their own sanitary latrines [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition overtime in household latrine use in rural Bangladesh: a longitudinal cohort study

Akter

Ali²,

Dey

2014

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundIn a low-income country like Bangladesh, where the poverty rate is higher in rural compared to urban areas, the consistent use of sanitary latrines over time is a challenge. To address this issue, the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) program of the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) was devised to improve health of the rural poor through enhanced sanitation services, such as by providing loans or education. Sanitary latrine use in households and changes over time were assessed in this study.MethodsThis was a longitudinal cohort study of the baseline, midline, and end line status of the WASH project. Households assessed in all three rounds of surveys (26,404 in each survey) were included in the analysis. Thirty thousand households from 50 upazilas (sub-districts) were selected in two stages: i) thirty villages were selected from each of the 50 upazilas by cluster sampling, and ii) twenty households were chosen systematically from each selected village. A female member capable of providing household-level information was interviewed from each house using the pre-tested questionnaire. Spot observations of some components were made to assess the quality of sanitary latrine use. The adjusted log-binomial regression was performed and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated for sanitary latrine use. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Stata software.ResultsThe use of sanitary latrines by households increased significantly from the baseline (31.7%) to midline (41.5%) and end line (57.4%) assessment points. The proportion of physically verified clean latrines increased significantly from 33.4% at baseline to 50.8% at the midline and 53.3% at the end line. Analysis of changes in latrine-use showed that 73.3% of the baseline latrine-using households continued to do so at the end line, while the rest switched to unsanitary practices. Households with better socioeconomic status were more likely to use sanitary latrines.ConclusionThere are improvements in ownership and use of sanitary latrines by households over the years in WASH intervention areas. However, switching of some households from sanitary to unsanitary latrines remains a matter of concern regarding sustainability.

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“…In a developing country like Bangladesh, almost one-third of the population lives below the poverty line. Various diseases are rampant due to lack of clean drinking water and sanitation 1 . Among the poorest, nearly one-third defecate in the open, making the everyday environment unsafe for children 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing knowledge and practice of hygiene in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programme areas of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee

Akter¹,

Ali²

2014

RRH

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Introduction: Improved hygiene is one of the most effective means of reducing disease occurrence. However, a complete understanding of the factors that contribute to such improvement are not clear. This study explored factors that facilitate and/or impede hygiene behavior in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention areas using qualitative research techniques. Methods: The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) has been providing WASH intervention to 150 rural upazilas (sub-districts) since 2006. For qualitative data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted with 144 purposively selected women from six upazilas across Bangladesh. A woman in the household was considered as a case and interviewed regarding various aspects of sanitation and hygiene, using a checklist. Some practices, such as cleanliness of latrines, and availability of soap, water, slippers in their designated place were physically verified. Results: The respondents' hygiene behavior was mainly facilitated by improved knowledge and awareness of health and environment-related issues. Latrine ownership increased through financial assistance, resulting in improved privacy, social prestige, and a heightened sense of responsibility towards maintaining a healthy life. However, lack of interest in attending cluster meetings, traditional knowledge, poverty, and lack of will were some of the factors impeding knowledge and hygiene practice. In addition, attitude played a definitive role, with some respondents not practicing hygiene in spite of having the financial ability to do so. They expected full financial support for creating sanitation and hygiene facilities in their household despite BRAC's policy of providing such support only to the 'ultra-poor'. Conclusions: The identified impeding factors often act as barriers to transformation of hygiene-related knowledge into practice and practice into habit. More motivational cluster meetings with large-scale participation and periodic home visits by the programme organizers are imperative as they markedly improve hygiene behavior.

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The status of safe drinking water and sanitation in Batabaria, Comilla, Bangladesh

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative assessment of fecal contamination in multiple environmental sample types in urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh using SaniPath microbial approach

Quantitative assessment of fecal contamination in multiple environmental sample types in urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh using SaniPath microbial approach

Transition overtime in household latrine use in rural Bangladesh: a longitudinal cohort study

Factors influencing knowledge and practice of hygiene in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programme areas of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee

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