The status of research in reminiscence.

Buxton, Claude E.

doi:10.1037/h0053614

Cited by 59 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The average interval between sessions was 6.6 days, and the improvement could be an example of Breminiscence,^which is observed both for motor skills (Buxton, 1943;Hovland, 1951) and for perceptual skills (Karni & Sagi, 1993) when an interval follows training. That performance is aided by reminiscence is suggested by our preliminary finding that mean performance in our second phase of testing was significantly higher for participants who had previously taken part in our first phase of testing (where the interval was more than six months).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Mooney test

Mollon

2015

Behav Res

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Since its introduction in 1957, the Mooney test has continued to see active use in studies of visual perception, in studies using brain imaging, and in clinical research. Mooney's original version is of limited length, however, and was designed to be administered by time-consuming personal interview. We have developed a new, extended version of the Mooney test that is suitable for online testing and for use in a test-retest paradigm. The Mooney-Verhallen Test (MVT) comprises 144 trials, takes on average less than 10 min to complete, and has a Spearman-Brown-corrected test-retest reliability of ρ = .89. We outline our methods for developing the stimuli and for selecting the final stimulus set, and we present the results from two rounds of testing on two independent samples of 374 participants and 505 participants, respectively. The test is freely available for scientific use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Mooney test

Mollon

2015

Behav Res

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“…Nearly all of the relevant research has been conducted in the context of investigations of reminiscence (Ballard, 1913;Buxton, 1943), hypermnesia (see Payne, 1987 for a review). Reminiscence refers to the possibility that memory strength can spontaneously increase over time, as evidenced by remembering previously forgotten information without the benefit of additional learning trials.…”

Section: Recent Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses of Memory: A Historical Perspective

Polster¹,

Nadel²,

Schacter

1991

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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As part of the general trend toward interdisciplinary research in recent years, a growing number of investigators have come to consider both cognitive and neuroscientific perspectives when theorizing about memory. Although such cognitive neuroscience analyses are a relatively recent development, the approach has precedents in earlier scientific thinking about memory. In this article we present a historical review of three major issues in memory research-consolidation processes, the nature of memory representations, and multiple memory systems. We discuss the nature of the relation between cognitive Cognitive neuroscience is a fundamentally interdisciplinary pursuit that draws on the methodological tools and theoretical frameworks of both of its constituent disciplines. In doing so, it promises to provide a more complete understanding of mnemonic processes than could be achieved by either discipline alone. During the past few decades, the cognitive neuroscience approach has become increasingly prominent in the analysis of memory. A growing number of cognitive scientists have made use of findings and ideas about brain function (e.g., Schacter, 1985a; Rumelhart, 1986a, 1986b;Shimamura, 1989), and similarly an increasing number of neuroscientists have drawn on cognitive theories and paradigms (e.g., Kean & Nadel, 1982; Mishkin & Petri, 1984;. Although still in its infancy, this approach has already begun to yield important insights into various aspects of memory, and there is every reason to believe that it will become even more prominent in the future.Although the emergence of widespread interest in cognitive neuroscience analyses of memory is a relatively recent phenomenon, the approach itself is not entirely without precedent in the history of scientific thinlung about memory. Thus, for example, investigators such as Ribot (1882), Burnham (1903), Semon (19041921), 0 1991 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and neuroscientific approaches to each of these issues with respect to the distinction between collateral, complementary, and convergent relations (Schacter, 1986). Although some early investigators offered analyses that linked psychological and physiological perspectives, there is little historical evidence of systematic o r sustained interdisciplinary research. However, more recent work, especially with respect to hypotheses about memory systems, suggests progress toward establishing programmatic interdisciplinary research. m Hebb (1949), and even Freud (1895;in Bonaparte, Freud, & &is, 1954) put forward what could be broadly construed as memory theories that drew on both psychological and physiological perspectives. Nevertheless, we are not aware of any scholarly attempt to trace systematically the extent to which memory researchers have attempted to combine these two approaches. The main purpose of this article is to provide the beginnings of such an analysis.There are several reasons why such a historical analysis is worth pursuing. First, there is simple intellectual curiosity about the antece...

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“…Subsequent attempts at replicating Ballard's fmdings provided only mixed results (e.g., Buxton, 1943), and investigations of the effect ceased for several years. Buxton's (1943) criticisms of the research procedures used by various experimenters centered around the idea that subjects might be engaging in covert rehearsal or review during the retention intervals and that this might account for the varied results in reminiscence research. He suggested that control of rehearsal during the retention interval might be accomplished either by occupying subject'S minds during retention with such tasks as prose reading, problem solving, and so forth, or by having subjects recall the items in repeated recall trials, thereby ensuring rehearsal during the retention interval.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…He described this phenomenon as reminiscence. Subsequent attempts at replicating Ballard's fmdings provided only mixed results (e.g., Buxton, 1943), and investigations of the effect ceased for several years. Buxton's (1943) criticisms of the research procedures used by various experimenters centered around the idea that subjects might be engaging in covert rehearsal or review during the retention intervals and that this might account for the varied results in reminiscence research.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Payne (1987), in his extensive review, noted that reminiscence refers to the recall of previously unrecalled items and that hypermnesia is used in referring to "improvements in net recall levels associated with increasing retention intervals" (p. 9). Although there has been considerable theoretical development, little of the work has systematically considered Buxton's (1943) early concern about the importance of what subjects do during retention intervals (e.g., the intervals between successive recall attempts). To be sure, all theories of hypermnesia would argue that anything that might affect item accessibility (e.g., retrievability) will influence hypermnesia.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hypermnesia for high-imagery words: The effects of interpolated tasks

Shaw

Bekerlan

1991

Memory & Cognition

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypermnesia (improved net recall over time) can be differentially affected by manipulating the nature of tasks performed during the intervals between successive recall trials. In Experiment 1, all subjects were asked to imaginally encode separate words and were tested three times for recall. The control group (no interpolated task) produced the hypermnesia effect. Both groups performing interpolated tasks showed sig· nificantly lower recall. A second experiment was conducted in order to replicate these results and to examine the effects of intertest rehearsal on hypermnesia. In Experiment 2, subjects were asked to encode pairs of words using interactive·imagery instructions. Six different interpolated task conditions were employed, varying in the degree to which subsystems of working memory were used. Groups performing imaginal interpolated tasks showed no hypermnesia, whereas those performing nonimaginal tasks did. These findings suggest that access to working memory (see Baddeley, 1986) is not necessary for hypermnesia.Ballard, in 1913, reported an effect in which the net recall of poetry seemed to increase over time, despite the fact that no subsequent learning or rehearsal trials had been given during the retention interval. He described this phenomenon as reminiscence. Subsequent attempts at replicating Ballard's fmdings provided only mixed results (e.g., Buxton, 1943), and investigations of the effect ceased for several years. Buxton's (1943) criticisms of the research procedures used by various experimenters centered around the idea that subjects might be engaging in covert rehearsal or review during the retention intervals and that this might account for the varied results in reminiscence research. He suggested that control of rehearsal during the retention interval might be accomplished either by occupying subject'S minds during retention with such tasks as prose reading, problem solving, and so forth, or by having subjects recall the items in repeated recall trials, thereby ensuring rehearsal during the retention interval.The past decade has brought an accumulation of evidence that must be taken as indicating a strongly renewed

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The status of research in reminiscence.

Cited by 59 publications

References 55 publications

A new Mooney test

A new Mooney test

Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses of Memory: A Historical Perspective

Hypermnesia for high-imagery words: The effects of interpolated tasks

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