The Status of Representative Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Since the invention of lithium‐ion batteries as a rechargeable energy storage system, it has uncommonly promoted the development of society. It has a wide variety of applications in electronic equipment, electric automobiles, hybrid vehicles, and aerospace. As an indispensable component of lithium‐ion batteries, anode materials play an essential role in the electrochemical characteristics of lithium‐ion batteries. In this review, we described the development from lithium‐metal batteries to lithium‐ion batteries in detail on the time axis as the first step; This was followed by an introduction to several commonly used anode materials, including graphite, silicon, and transition metal oxide with discussions the charge‐discharge mechanism, challenges and corresponding strategies, and a collation of recent interesting work; Finally, three anode materials are summarized and prospected. Hopefully, this review can serve both the newcomers and the predecessors in the field.

Fast-charging anodes for lithium ion batteries: progress and challenges

“…44 Silicon-based materials and metal halides have impressive theoretical capacities, but their severe volume effect causes them to experience significant capacity decay during cycling. 45–47 Therefore, graphite remains the most widely used anode due to its low cost and excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance. 48 Benefitting from the low redox potential of graphite (0.1–0.2 V vs. Li + /Li), most cathodes can match well with it and exhibit a satisfactory high voltage platform in a full-battery.…”

Hierarchical Porous N-Doped Carbon Nanofibers with Encapsulated Li3VO4 Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Storage

“…In recent research, significant efforts have been devoted to exploring alternative anodes for LIBs. These materials include Si, Bi, Sn, and their chemical compounds as alloying-type anodes, as well as CoS 2 , MnO, and FeSe 2 as conversion-type anodes. − Additionally, modifications have been made to graphite and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anodes to enhance their intercalation properties. − It is well known that anode materials with alloying and conversion reactions generally exhibit higher specific theoretical capacities. However, the large volume variation during Li + insertion/extraction processes can lead to structural degradation and poor cycling stability. , On the other hand, intercalation-type anode materials typically have lower capacities but offer stable structures with minimal volume change.…”

Time-Efficient Fabrication of Stable Core–Shell Spinel Ferrites on a Self-Assembled Nanoarchitectonic Graphene Matrix as a New-Gen Anode for Li-Ion Batteries

“…High-performing energy storage devices are highly recommended for future technology in the upcoming transport systems, electronic gadgets, etc. − Upon the different types of rechargeable batteries, the lithium-ion battery has been identified as an emerging battery technology due to the superior performance of its high power and energy density. − Considering the factors of enhanced specific capacitance and nontoxic and natural abundance, transition metal oxides would significantly be apt as a promising anode material − to replace the commercial graphite in which manganese ferrites were prominently chosen as a new-gen anode material due to its high theoretical capacity of around 930 mAh g –1 and its compatible nature. , MnFe 2 O 4 is stable in the open atmosphere when compared to other metal ferrites (X-Fe 2 O 4 , X = Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn), which readily tend to oxidize . Also, MnFe 2 O 4 would be the most efficient compound to iron-based materials for its high similarity in atomic structure, crystal symmetry, etc .…”