The status of pesticide pollution in Tanzania

Kishimba, Michael A.; Henry, Leonia; Mwevura, Haji; Mmochi, Aviti J.; Mihale, Matobola Joel; Hellar, H

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2003.11.047

Cited by 104 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In the Tanzanian side of Lake Victoria (Fig. 3), the concentrations of DDTs ranged between the detection limit and 12 ng g -1 d.w. (Table 2; Kishimba et al 2004) during the dry season, whilst higher concentrations were measured during the rainy season. In light of these observations, in the near future the investigation of the contamination by DDT even during the rainy season for lakes Bogoria and Natron seems to be important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In light of these observations, in the near future the investigation of the contamination by DDT even during the rainy season for lakes Bogoria and Natron seems to be important. The peak concentrations found in Lake Victoria sediments were ascribed to an old pesticide stockpile at Vikuge (Elfvendahl et al 2004;Kishimba et al 2004;Kishimba 2005, 2007), which could also be a point source pollution for many kilometres around, even for lakes Natron and Bogoria at a distance of around 500 km. The hypothesis of the aerial transport from such a 'hot spot' pollution site seems to be confirmed by the analysis of the sample of Acacia tortilis leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known (Saoke 2005) about the degree of pollution in these environments by pp'DDT (e.g. Koeman et al 1972;Gitahi et al 2002;Kishimba et al 2004;Mavura and Wangila 2004), however.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Preliminary Evaluation of the DDT Contamination of Sediments in Lakes Natron and Bogoria (Eastern Rift Valley, Africa)

Bettinetti

Quadroni

Crosa

et al. 2011

AMBIO

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Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is still used in Africa for the indoor control of malaria and it may represent a potential hazard for wildlife. The littoral sediments of two alkaline-saline lakes, Natron (Tanzania) and Bogoria (Kenya), in the Eastern Rift Valley, supporting large populations of lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor), were analysed for DDT residues. Physical-chemical analyses (temperature, conductivity, pH and dissolved oxygen) were also performed on the water of the two lakes and in the tributaries of Lake Natron, to evaluate the influence of the environmental variables on pollutant occurrence. At Lake Natron, around 1 km from the sediment collection sites, tree leaves of Acacia tortilis were also collected. The main metabolite found in all sediment samples was pp'DDE, whilst equal concentrations of pp'DDT and pp'DDE were measured in acacia leaves. The levels of DDTs measured in the sediments were within 5.9-30.9 ng g -1 d.w., reaching the maximum value in a tributary of Lake Natron. On the whole, the contamination of Lake Natron and Lake Bogoria basins seems to be quite moderate. Nevertheless, the pp'DDE/pp'DDT ratio equals 1 in the Acacia tortilis leaves, which makes one suppose that the input of the parent compound was rather recent and could have been from aerial transport or dust from relatively close-by old pesticides storage sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Preliminary Evaluation of the DDT Contamination of Sediments in Lakes Natron and Bogoria (Eastern Rift Valley, Africa)

Bettinetti

Quadroni

Crosa

et al. 2011

AMBIO

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“…Mawussi (2008) and Gamboa-Rodríguez et al (2012) noted organochlorines in river water and wells at levels exceeding the maximum recommended by the FAO, WHO and European Union. This kind of water contamination is mentioned throughout Africa (Ntow, 2001;Ntow, 2005;Mwevura et al, 2002;Cissé et al, 2003;Kishimba et al, 2004). Indeed, Richard and Giroux (2004) demonstrated that the presence of pesticides in water could be responsible for stream degradation and could also affect human health (Hayat et al, 2010).…”

Section: Pesticide Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of pesticide residues and trace element contamination in market gardens of Togo

Madjouma¹,

Djaneye-Boundjou²,

Wala³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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All intensive agriculture, like periurban agriculture, uses massive inputs such as agrochemicals. This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of agrochemical use in periurban agriculture in Togo. It was based on the chemical analyses of soil, water and vegetable samples. These analyses were carried out by gas chromatography on extracts from soil, water and vegetable samples. In soil samples, the concentrations of pesticide residues are lower than 20 µg/kg of dry material. For water samples, contamination levels vary from 0.02 to 1.1 µg/L of dry material with the highest levels for metalaxyl M (1.1 µg/L) and for dimethoate (1 µg/L). In vegetables, the concentrations measured are between 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg of dry material. All these concentrations are affected by a positive factor of the maximum limits of residues. These agrochemicals, coupled with periurban environmental management led to the high concentrations of trace elements. Lead and cadmium concentrations in water are 10 and 21 times respectively higher than the maximum concentration allowable for drinking water by the WHO. The study showed that inappropriate use of agrochemicals in Togolese periurban agriculture creates ecological disturbances that could affect produce quality.

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“…In the decade that followed, more water quality assessment studies were carried out in the country, including those by Mashauri and Mayo (1989); Kandoro (1997) and Mohamed (1997). Other studies conducted in the more recent past include those by Machiwa (2000), Ikingura and Akagi (2003), Kishimba et al (2003), Ngoye and Machiwa (2004), among others.…”

Section: Review Of Water Quality Assessment Studies In Tanzania 2006 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Another decade of water quality assessment studies in Tanzania: Status, challenges and future prospects

Hellar-Kihampa¹

2017

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Increased population pressure and environmental stressors have amplified research on water quality both locally and globally. In Tanzania, water quality assessment is a mature discipline, with an over four-decade history. In this article, studies on water quality assessment in Tanzania from 2006 through 2016 are reviewed. The approach used is to scan selected publications to gather data and information on types and concentration levels of contaminants measured in surface and ground waters; their status, trends and potential health risks. The aim is to establish research gaps that call for further investigations and factors that hinder such efforts so as to provide insight that can facilitate future studies. Significant outputs were found in terms of study focuses and investigated locations. Lack of analytical facilities, complexity in the interpretation of toxicological data and data management practices represent major setbacks, while land-use practices, sea water intrusion, climate change and biogeochemical features continue to the scale-up threat on surface and ground water quality in the country. It is pragmatic that there is still a gap in research on such subjects as effects of climate change; effects of mixed toxicity of chemicals; risk characterization; analysis of emerging contaminants of concern and development of remediation plans for specific contamination problems. Some strategies towards ameliorating the challenges are suggested. The study puts forwards some recommendations, including the establishment of a National Water Quality Assessment Programme that will provide central water quality descriptions of the nation water resources.

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The status of pesticide pollution in Tanzania

Cited by 104 publications

References 1 publication

A Preliminary Evaluation of the DDT Contamination of Sediments in Lakes Natron and Bogoria (Eastern Rift Valley, Africa)

A Preliminary Evaluation of the DDT Contamination of Sediments in Lakes Natron and Bogoria (Eastern Rift Valley, Africa)

Assessment of pesticide residues and trace element contamination in market gardens of Togo

Another decade of water quality assessment studies in Tanzania: Status, challenges and future prospects

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