The Status of Infectious Disease in the Amazon Region

Tauil, Pedro Luíz

doi:10.3201/eid1504.090169

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As condições socioeconômicas e o clima tropical úmido favorecem a proliferação de vetores de diversas doenças infecciosas na região, entre elas a malária (3). Dos casos notificados de malária no Brasil, 99,7% ocorreram em estados que compõem a Amazô-nia Legal (Amazonas, Acre, Amapá, Rondônia, Roraima, Pará, Tocantins, Mato Grosso e Maranhão).…”

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Malária em Cruzeiro do Sul (Amazônia Ocidental brasileira): análise da série histórica de 1998 a 2008

Costa¹,

Almeida²,

Magalhães³

et al. 2010

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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Objetivo. Descrever as características epidemiológicas da malária e seus principais determinantes no Município de Cruzeiro do Sul, no Estado do Acre, Brasil, entre 1998 Conclusões. O incentivo a atividades econômicas em áreas periurbanas de transmissão instável de malária, típicas da América Latina, deve ser muito bem planejado. O controle da malária em Cruzeiro do Sul baseou-se em estratégias integradas implementadas simultaneamente pelos governos federal, estadual e municipal, como preconizado pelo Plano Nacional de Controle da Malária. É importante ressaltar a utilidade de um bom sistema de informação como o SIVEP-Malária para estimar a carga de doença e monitorar de forma eficiente o impacto das intervenções.Malária; estudos epidemiológicos; incidência; piscicultura; Brasil. RESUMOAtualmente, a malária é a mais incidente doença parasitária do mundo. Estima-se que o número de casos novos a cada ano chegue a 250 milhões, com 880 mil mortes. Aproximadamente metade da população mundial está exposta à infecção, especialmente pessoas que vivem em países pobres (1).Desde que o governo brasileiro se voltou para a organização dos planos de intervenção sanitária na Amazônia, essa

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Malária em Cruzeiro do Sul (Amazônia Ocidental brasileira): análise da série histórica de 1998 a 2008

Costa¹,

Almeida²,

Magalhães³

et al. 2010

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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“…While there are surprisingly few data on the rate of infection-induced miscarriages in the USA, many infectious diseases with the greatest impact on miscarriage risk (e.g. malaria, Dengue fever) are endemic to the Amazonian region and relatively rare in high-income post-industrial contexts, suggesting maternal infection poses a proportionally greater threat to pregnancy among the Tsimane [ 39 , 40 ]. In addition, infection with hookworm (an intestinal parasite endemic to the Amazon) is associated with older age of first birth and reduced lifetime fertility among Tsimane women [ 33 ], possibly as a result of conflicting immunological demands during pregnancy [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations

Hové

Trumble

Anderson

et al. 2020

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health

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Abstract Background and objectives Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the United States. Methodology Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1395) were used to estimate population-specific effects of trimester on differential leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. Results In both populations, pregnancy was associated with increased neutrophil prevalence, reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil count, and elevated CRP. Compared to their US counterparts, pregnant Tsimane women exhibited elevated lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, fewer neutrophils and monocytes, and lower CRP. Total leukocyte count remained high and unchanged among pregnant Tsimane women while pregnant US women exhibited substantially elevated counts, resulting in overlapping leukocyte prevalence among all third-trimester individuals. Conclusions and implications Our findings indicate that ecological conditions shape non-pregnant immune baselines and the magnitude of immunological shifts during pregnancy via developmental constraints and current trade-offs. Future research should investigate how such flexibility impacts maternal health and disease susceptibility, particularly the degree to which chronic pathogen exposure might dampen inflammatory response to fetal antigens. Lay Summary This study compares immunological changes associated with pregnancy between the Tsimane (an Amazonian subsistence population) and individuals in the United States. Results suggest that while pregnancy enhances non-specific defenses and dampens both antigen-specific immunity and parasite/allergy response, ecological conditions strongly influence immune baselines and the magnitude of shifts during gestation.

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“…It is currently populated by 1 million indigenous people, divided into approximately 300 different ethnic groups (10). Ecological conditions in the region have historically been favorable for transmitting numerous tropical diseases, especially vector-borne diseases (11)(12)(13). Although there are numerous studies on postcontact epidemics (14) in the Americas, historical data on precontact diseases (i.e., diseases native to the Americas) are inadequate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous people from Amazon show genetic signatures of pathogen-driven selection

et al. 2023

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Ecological conditions in the Amazon rainforests are historically favorable for the transmission of numerous tropical diseases, especially vector-borne diseases. The high diversity of pathogens likely contributes to the strong selective pressures for human survival and reproduction in this region. However, the genetic basis of human adaptation to this complex ecosystem remains unclear. This study investigates the possible footprints of genetic adaptation to the Amazon rainforest environment by analyzing the genomic data of 19 native populations. The results based on genomic and functional analysis showed an intense signal of natural selection in a set of genes related to Trypanosoma cruzi infection, which is the pathogen responsible for Chagas disease, a neglected tropical parasitic disease native to the Americas that is currently spreading worldwide.

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The Status of Infectious Disease in the Amazon Region

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Malária em Cruzeiro do Sul (Amazônia Ocidental brasileira): análise da série histórica de 1998 a 2008

Malária em Cruzeiro do Sul (Amazônia Ocidental brasileira): análise da série histórica de 1998 a 2008

Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations

Indigenous people from Amazon show genetic signatures of pathogen-driven selection

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