The status of central seismic gap: a perspective based on the spatial and temporal aspects of the large Himalayan earthquakes

Rajendran, C. P.; Rajendran, Kusala

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.09.009

Cited by 98 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…While Seeber and Armbruster (1981) consider it the first of four great, colonial Himalayan earthquakes, no quantitative evaluation of this earthquakes magnitude was attempted before Ambraseys and Jackson (2003), who compiled intensity reports from over 30 locations and assigned a tentative magnitude of M S 7.5. Subsequent authors (Ambraseys and Douglas, 2004; Rajendran and Rajendran, 2005) also assigned magnitudes in the mid-7s using both Frankel's method (Frankel, 1994) and an isoseismal area method tailored to India. Ambraseys and Douglas (2004) assign an epicentral location near the Tibetan border (31.5°N, 79.0°E), while Rajendran and Rajendran (2005) assign an epicentral location near Srinagar (Sirmur) based on the region of maximum shaking intensity.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent authors (Ambraseys and Douglas, 2004; Rajendran and Rajendran, 2005) also assigned magnitudes in the mid-7s using both Frankel's method (Frankel, 1994) and an isoseismal area method tailored to India. Ambraseys and Douglas (2004) assign an epicentral location near the Tibetan border (31.5°N, 79.0°E), while Rajendran and Rajendran (2005) assign an epicentral location near Srinagar (Sirmur) based on the region of maximum shaking intensity. Using the methods outlined in Data and Methods, we assign a magnitude of M 7.3 with an intensity center (epicentral location) of 30.656°N, 78.784°E (Fig.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A moderate earthquake occurred on 23 May 1866 near Kathmandu that is mentioned by several authors (Oldham, 1883;Khattri and Tyagi, 1983;Khattri, 1987;Rajendran and Rajendran, 2005). Khattri (1987) assesses the magnitude of the 1866 event as M 7.6, based on rupture lengthmagnitude scaling relationships (Wyss, 1979).…”

Section: The 1833 and 1866 Nepal Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intensity, Magnitude, Location, and Attenuation in India for Felt Earthquakes since 1762

Szeliga¹,

Hough²,

Martin³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

178

132

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A comprehensive, consistently interpreted new catalog of felt intensities for India (Martin and Szeliga, 2010, this issue) includes intensities for 570 earthquakes; instrumental magnitudes and locations are available for 100 of these events. We use the intensity values for 29 of the instrumentally recorded events to develop new intensity versus attenuation relations for the Indian subcontinent and the Himalayan region. We then use these relations to determine the locations and magnitudes of 234 historical events, using the method of Bakun and Wentworth (1997). For the remaining 336 events, intensity distributions are too sparse to determine magnitude or location. We evaluate magnitude and location accuracy of newly located events by comparing the instrumental-with the intensity-derived location for 29 calibration events, for which more than 15 intensity observations are available. With few exceptions, most intensity-derived locations lie within a fault length of the instrumentally determined location. For events in which the azimuthal distribution of intensities is limited, we conclude that the formal error bounds from the regression of Bakun and Wentworth (1997) do not reflect the true uncertainties. We also find that the regression underestimates the uncertainties of the location and magnitude of the 1819 Allah Bund earthquake, for which a location has been inferred from mapped surface deformation. Comparing our inferred attenuation relations to those developed for other regions, we find that attenuation for Himalayan events is comparable to intensity attenuation in California (Bakun and Wentworth, 1997), while intensity attenuation for cratonic events is higher than intensity attenuation reported for central/eastern North America (Bakun et al., 2003). Further, we present evidence that intensities of intraplate earthquakes have a nonlinear dependence on magnitude such that attenuation relations based largely on small-to-moderate earthquakes may significantly overestimate the magnitudes of historical earthquakes.

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Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intensity, Magnitude, Location, and Attenuation in India for Felt Earthquakes since 1762

Szeliga¹,

Hough²,

Martin³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

178

132

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“…This was later revised to M w 8.09 by Ambraseys & Douglas (2004). However, a later analysis of the macroseismic data from the Himalaya and Indo-Gangetic plains by Rajendran & Rajendran (2005) puts the magnitude of this earthquake as not greater than 7.7. They suggested that this earthquake occurred somewhere close to Devprayag and Srinagar in the Garhwal Himalaya and that it cannot be characterized as a great plate boundary earthquake.…”

Section: Other Significant Historical Himalayan Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ambraseys & Jackson (2003) estimated that it was of M w 8.2. However, Rajendran & Rajendran (2005) analysed the historical accounts of this earthquake and suggested that either it was not a great earthquake, but occurred in the Himalayan region, or it was a non-plate boundary great earthquake that occurred in the Tibetan region. The lack of severe damage in the Indo-Gangetic plains led them to suggest the second possibility.…”

Section: Other Significant Historical Himalayan Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can an earthquake of M _w ∼9 occur in the Himalayan region?

Gupta¹,

Gahalaut²

2015

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It has been suggested that all of the Earth's subduction zones are capable of producing an M w 9 earthquake. Such a possibility has also been suggested for the Himalayan collisional arc. We examined recent and historical earthquakes in the Himalayan region and suggest that, in the past few hundred years, only great earthquakes (M w 8) have occurred in the region, the largest being the 1950 Assam earthquake with M w 8.6. Several aseismic ridges segment the Himalayan arc and these appear to have limited the extent of rupture in earthquakes of the past 200 years. There is also evidence of distributed deformation and out-of-sequence thrusting, where only part of the detachment participates in the accommodation of the convergence. We concluded that, although it is unlikely that an M w 9 earthquake could occur in the Himalaya, from the hazard point of view a great earthquake of M w 8 anywhere along the Himalayan arc could kill about one million people in the Himalaya and adjoining Indo-Ganga plains. As an example, a scenario developed for a hypothetical M w 8 earthquake occurring in the middle of the night at Mandi, close to the epicentre of the 1905 Kangra earthquake, predicts an estimated loss of one million human lives.

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Medieval pulse of great earthquakes in the central Himalaya: Viewing past activities on the frontal thrust

Rajendran

John²,

Rajendran

2015

JGR Solid Earth

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The status of central seismic gap: a perspective based on the spatial and temporal aspects of the large Himalayan earthquakes

Cited by 98 publications

References 30 publications

Intensity, Magnitude, Location, and Attenuation in India for Felt Earthquakes since 1762

Intensity, Magnitude, Location, and Attenuation in India for Felt Earthquakes since 1762

Can an earthquake of M _w ∼9 occur in the Himalayan region?

Medieval pulse of great earthquakes in the central Himalaya: Viewing past activities on the frontal thrust

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The status of central seismic gap: a perspective based on the spatial and temporal aspects of the large Himalayan earthquakes

Cited by 98 publications

References 30 publications

Intensity, Magnitude, Location, and Attenuation in India for Felt Earthquakes since 1762

Intensity, Magnitude, Location, and Attenuation in India for Felt Earthquakes since 1762

Can an earthquake of M w ∼9 occur in the Himalayan region?

Medieval pulse of great earthquakes in the central Himalaya: Viewing past activities on the frontal thrust

Contact Info

Product

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Can an earthquake of M _w ∼9 occur in the Himalayan region?