The Status and Conservation of the Wolf in Gujarat and Rajasthan, India

Jhala, Yadvendradev V.; Giles, Robert H.

doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00354.x

Cited by 51 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Indian C. l. pallipes distribution corresponds largely to the peninsular Indian division of the Indian subregion, in which there are endemic genera and species of mammals, including antelopes and rodents (Corbet & Hill 1992). It inhabits arid and semiarid grasslands and scrub forest ( Jhala & Giles 1991) and is geographically separated from C. l. chanco by the Terai swamp grasslands and Himalayan foothills, a region apparently devoid of wolves (Hodgson 1847). We speculate that behavioural (Harrington & Paquet 1982), ecological ( Jhala & Giles 1991) or morphological (Blanford 1888;Nowak 1995) differences between Indian C. l. pallipes and members of the wolf-dog and Himalayan lineages could prevent interbreeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient wolf lineages in India

Sharma

Maldonado²,

Jhala³

et al. 2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

123

161

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All previously obtained wolf (Canis lupus) and dog (Canis familiaris) mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences fall within an intertwined and shallow clade (the 'wolf-dog' clade). We sequenced mtDNA of recent and historical samples from 45 wolves from throughout lowland peninsular India and 23 wolves from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau and compared these sequences with all available wolf and dog sequences. All 45 lowland Indian wolves have one of four closely related haplotypes that form a wellsupported, divergent sister lineage to the wolf-dog clade. This unique lineage may have been independent for more than 400 000 years. Although seven Himalayan wolves from western and central Kashmir fall within the widespread wolf-dog clade, one from Ladakh in eastern Kashmir, nine from Himachal Pradesh, four from Nepal and two from Tibet form a very different basal clade. This lineage contains five related haplotypes that probably diverged from other canids more than 800 000 years ago, but we find no evidence of current barriers to admixture. Thus, the Indian subcontinent has three divergent, ancient and apparently parapatric mtDNA lineages within the morphologically delineated wolf. No haplotypes of either novel lineage are found within a sample of 37 Indian (or other) dogs. Thus, we find no evidence that these two taxa played a part in the domestication of canids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient wolf lineages in India

Sharma

Maldonado²,

Jhala³

et al. 2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

123

161

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“…Very little is known about the ecology of ‘urban’ carnivores in densely populated countries where the potential for conflict can be very high. For instance, India has a high diversity of large carnivores, many of which share spaces with one of the highest human and livestock populations in the world [16]–[18]. The most common is the leopard ( Panthera pardus) , which is frequently reported from many human dominated landscapes across India where it is involved in a wide range of conflict situations, often with fatal outcomes for humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Big Cats in Our Backyards: Persistence of Large Carnivores in a Human Dominated Landscape in India

Odden²,

et al. 2013

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Protected areas are extremely important for the long term viability of biodiversity in a densely populated country like India where land is a scarce resource. However, protected areas cover only 5% of the land area in India and in the case of large carnivores that range widely, human use landscapes will function as important habitats required for gene flow to occur between protected areas. In this study, we used photographic capture recapture analysis to assess the density of large carnivores in a human-dominated agricultural landscape with density >300 people/km2 in western Maharashtra, India. We found evidence of a wide suite of wild carnivores inhabiting a cropland landscape devoid of wilderness and wild herbivore prey. Furthermore, the large carnivores; leopard (Panthera pardus) and striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) occurred at relatively high density of 4.8±1.2 (sd) adults/100 km2 and 5.03±1.3 (sd) adults/100 km2 respectively. This situation has never been reported before where 10 large carnivores/100 km2 are sharing space with dense human populations in a completely modified landscape. Human attacks by leopards were rare despite a potentially volatile situation considering that the leopard has been involved in serious conflict, including human deaths in adjoining areas. The results of our work push the frontiers of our understanding of the adaptability of both, humans and wildlife to each other’s presence. The results also highlight the urgent need to shift from a PA centric to a landscape level conservation approach, where issues are more complex, and the potential for conflict is also very high. It also highlights the need for a serious rethink of conservation policy, law and practice where the current management focus is restricted to wildlife inside Protected Areas.

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“…Due to the blackbuck's ability to survive on low-protein forages in semi-arid habitats (Jhala, 1991;Jhala et al, 1992) controlled cropping, if properly managed, could become an important source of revenue for the poor rural communities of these arid regions. Natural predators of the blackbuck such as the wolf (Cam's lupus pallipes) could be encouraged; at the least predation is likely to slow the rate of increase of blackbuck populations (Jhala, in press;Jhala and Giles, 1991). Another alternative would be translocating blackbuck.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Loss of grasslands (put to agricultural use) and increased competition from an ever-increasing livestock population has resulted in blackbuck invading agricultural fields and causing losses. The land-use competition is not restricted to blackbuck but occurs with other Indian wildlife (including lions in Gir, tigers, wolves, and elephants) (Sawarkar, 1986;Schultz, 1986;Sukumar, 1990;Jhala and Giles, 1991). The conflicts are real, and are a cause for concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Damage toSorghumcrop by blackbuck

Jhala

1993

International Journal of Pest Management

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Crop damage to Sorghum caused by the endangered blackbuck antelope (Antelope cervicapra) was estimated by (1) comparisons between grazed and ungrazed biomass, and (2) the dietary needs of a known population of blackbuck. Blackbuck were observed to penetrate Sorghum fields a mean maximum distance of 4.6 m from the edge. Ungrazed dry biomass of Sorghum was greater than dry grazed biomass (P < 0.001). Damage caused to every 100 m of vulnerable edge of a field was estimated to be 228 kg for the Velavadar National Park region in Gujarat, India, during 1989. A population of 300 blackbuck in the vicinity of Latuda and Katuda villages, Surendranagar district,' Gujarat, was estimated to be responsible for a maximum potential loss of 48 600 kg of the Sorghum crop for one season valued at about Rs.29 000 in 1989. Prophylactic measures to ameliorate the problem are discussed and, alternatively, methods and criteria to decide on monetary compensation to farmers are suggested.

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The Status and Conservation of the Wolf in Gujarat and Rajasthan, India

Cited by 51 publications

References 7 publications

Ancient wolf lineages in India

Ancient wolf lineages in India

Big Cats in Our Backyards: Persistence of Large Carnivores in a Human Dominated Landscape in India

Damage toSorghumcrop by blackbuck

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