The Stature of the Self-Employed and its Premium

Rietveld, Niels; Hessels, Jolanda; Zwan, Peter van der

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2483038

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Self-employment is being considered synonymous with entrepreneurship. In fact, many studies used self-employment as a proxy for measuring entrepreneurship (Bjuggren, Johansson, and Stenkula, 2012;Rietveld, Hessels, and Zwan, 2014).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the impact of entrepreneurial attitude on self-employment intention among engineering students in Ethiopia

Ayalew

Zeleke

2018

J Innov Entrep

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Entrepreneurship is a worldwide phenomenon with economic growth across the globe that is rendered by the emergence of new and innovative business start-ups. Thus, the main objective of this research was to model the impact of entrepreneurial attitudes on self-employment intention among final year engineering students in Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Debre Markos University and University of Gondar, Ethiopia, in 2017. To achieve the objective of the study, a survey research approach was employed. Questionnaire and interview were the instruments used, and stratified sampling technique was adopted to select 921 respondents from a population of 4327 final year undergraduate engineering students in 2016/2017 academic session. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, principal component factor analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis were employed. The descriptive result revealed that about 57.4% of the students had an intention to be self-employed while 42.6% do not have an intention. The principal component factor analysis was used to reduce the set of variables by grouping variables with similar characteristics together and generates new variables (factors). These methods help the researchers to transform the number of correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables. The logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the effect of the predictor variables on self-employment intention status of students. The results showed that entrepreneurial education/training and entrepreneurial attitudes significantly predicts students' selfemployment intention. Accordingly, information and opportunity seeking, creativity and problem solving skills, achievement and instrumental readiness, self-confidence and self-esteem, goal setting, entrepreneurship education/training, business-owned family background, prior business experience with family, access to finance/capitals for startup, and networking and professional contacts were found to be significant predictors at 5% level of significance. These factors had positive relationship with self-employment intention at 5% level of significance. In the meanwhile, demographic factors (such as age, gender, and marital status) and socio-economic factors (such as parents' occupation, colleagues' business background, means of finance, discouragement by external environment, and clear future business idea) are not significant predictors at 5% level of significance. The study recommends that the government as well as the universities should design programs that facilitate entrepreneurship to change the mindset, attitude, and intention of those students who do not have knowhow about entrepreneurship as a future career.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the impact of entrepreneurial attitude on self-employment intention among engineering students in Ethiopia

Ayalew

Zeleke

2018

J Innov Entrep

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“…Hence, the contention that entrepreneurship is central to the growth of economies (Baumol 2014;Zhang 2017), the promotion of innovation (Fritsch 2008) and, in some instances, the implementation of solutions for social upliftment (Littlewoo & Holt 2018). It should also be noted that as entrepreneurship is synonymous with job creation (Folster 2000;Zhang 2017), several studies have used self-employment as a proxy measure of entrepreneurship (Bjuggren, Johansson & Stenkula 2012;Rietvel, Hessels & Zwan 2014).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconceptualising undergraduate entrepreneurship education at traditional South African universities

Ramchander

2019

Acta commer.

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Orientation: The relatively high number of unemployed graduates in South Africa is a major cause for concern. Entrepreneurial start-ups have been heralded as the panacea to the unemployment challenge.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to ascertain how entrepreneurship education, at traditional South African universities, measured against existing entrepreneurship education frameworks.Motivation for the study: Despite a plethora of entrepreneurship education initiatives, the South African higher education system fails to produce sufficient entrepreneurs; hence, the need to explore how entrepreneurship education is structured.Research design, approach and method: The research design was exploratory and both quantitative and qualitative in nature. The population comprised the eleven traditional universities in South Africa and all of them were included in the study. Secondary data was obtained from the respective universities’ websites. The search sequence in the websites were as follows: Faculty of commerce/Management Sciences, Year/handbook, undergraduate/postgraduate programmes. The word ‘entrepreneurship’ was also used as a keyword to search within the university website.Main findings: The findings revealed some entrepreneurship modules, with low total credit value in relation to total programme credit value, at the undergraduate level and specialisation at the postgraduate level with some form of centre or incubator initiatives. It was also found that little attention is given to the development of entrepreneurial skills such as perseverance, resilience and self-efficacy.Practical/managerial implications: The significance of this article lies in its potential to guide the reconceptualisation of entrepreneurship education at South African universities.Contribution/value-add: This study integrates an existing framework and model to reconceptualise the undergraduate entrepreneurship programme. The reconceptualised structure entails a programme where modules from other disciplines are integrated into an entrepreneurship programme as opposed to the current structure where entrepreneurship modules are integrated into other career-focussed programmes.

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“…Self-employment is considered synonymous with entrepreneurship. That is, many studies used self-employment as a proxy for measuring entrepreneurship (Rietveld et al, 2014). The term "self-employment" is used in this study to reflect entrepreneurial intention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The entrepreneurial mindset and self-employment intention of high school learners: The moderating role of family business ownership

Chilenga

Dhliwayo²,

Chebo³

2022

Front. Educ.

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Entrepreneurship, through successful business venturing, plays a pivotal role in a nation’s endeavor to create jobs and boost the economy. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) reports state that South Africa’s early stage total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) is lower than most countries that are at comparable levels of development. Therefore, the entrepreneurial mindset of high school learners and its influence on self-employment intention were assessed in this study. Also, the moderating effect of family business ownership on the relationship was measured. The data collected from 320 learners in randomly selected 10 high schools in Gauteng were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. The study finds that the level of an entrepreneurial mindset is above average, which provides the potential for a higher total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) in the future. Both entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial traits significantly influence self-employment intention, while learners’ family business background moderates the relationship. The study establishes the entrepreneurial mindset level of high school students in a country with one of the lowest TEA in the world, South Africa, where (possibly) the latest entrepreneurial mindset measure, the Entrepreneurial Mindset Profile (EMP) instrument is used. Also, it’s unique in testing the role of family business background in intensifying the entrepreneurial mindset toward self-employment intention. Therefore, the Department of Basic Education should aim to tap into the existing desire in high school learners and develop a curriculum that integrates theoretical and experiential learning. It is expected that this intervention will improve the future TEA of the country.

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The Stature of the Self-Employed and its Premium

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Modeling the impact of entrepreneurial attitude on self-employment intention among engineering students in Ethiopia

Modeling the impact of entrepreneurial attitude on self-employment intention among engineering students in Ethiopia

Reconceptualising undergraduate entrepreneurship education at traditional South African universities

The entrepreneurial mindset and self-employment intention of high school learners: The moderating role of family business ownership

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