The statistical projection of global GHG emissions from a consumption perspective

Yuan, Rong; Rodrigues, João F.D.; Tukker, Arnold; Behrens, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.spc.2022.09.021

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Recent critiques focus on a different aspect of the scenarios (Pielke Jr et al, 2008, Richels et al, 2008, Ritchie and Dowlatabadi, 2017, Burgess et al, 2020, Pielke Jr and Ritchie, 2021, Pielke Jr et al, 2022, Srikrishnan et al, 2022, Yuan et al, 2022. Reserves and resources of conventional oil and gas are likely to be exhausted in the 21st century and will need to be replaced by another energy source.…”

Section: Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The IPCC and the challenge of ex post policy evaluation}

Tol

2023

Preprint

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The IPCC started at a time when climate policy was an aspiration for the future. The research assessed in the early IPCC reports was necessarily about potential climate policies, always stylized and often optimized. The IPCC has continued on this path, even though there is now a considerable literature studying actual climate policy, in all its infuriating detail, warts and all. Four case studies suggest that the IPCC, in its current form, will not be able to successfully switch from ex ante to ex post policy evaluation. This transition is key as AR7 will most likely have to confront the failure to meet the 1.5K target. The four cases are as follows. (1) The scenarios first build and later endorsed by the IPCC all project a peaceful future with steady if not rapid economic growth everywhere, more closely resembling political manifestos than facts on the ground. (2) Successive IPCC reports have studiously avoided discussing the voluminous literature suggesting that political targets for greenhouse gas emission reduction are far from optimal, although a central part of that work was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2018. (3) IPCC AR5 found it impossible to acknowledge that the international climate policy negotiations from COP1 (Berlin) to COP19 (Warsaw) were bound to fail, just months before the radical overhaul at COP20 (Lima) proved that point. (4) IPCC AR6 by and large omitted the nascent literature on ex post climate policy evaluation. Together, these cases suggest that the IPCC finds self-criticism difficult and is too close to policy makers to criticize past and current policy mistakes. One solution would be to move control over the IPCC to the national authorities on research and higher education. JEL codes: D04, H43, H87, Q54

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Section: Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The IPCC and the challenge of ex post policy evaluation}

Tol

2023

Preprint

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“…The convenience of plastics has fueled growing production, with global output reaching 460 million tons per year . However, the vast majority of plastics produced from fossil fuel resources have a carbon-intensive life cycle and emit large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) during the production process, which is one of the critical causes of global warming. − In order to find economically feasible and efficient alternatives to petroleum-based polymers, polymers that directly or indirectly use CO 2 have been extensively studied to reduce the carbon footprint or even achieve carbon neutrality. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Thermal-Resistant Polyester-Polycarbonate with Fully Rigid Structure from Biobased Isosorbide

Zeng,

Ren,

Shen

et al. 2024

Macromolecules

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Developing green and sustainable polymers is one of the effective ways to limit carbon emissions and reduce dependence on petroleum resources. Therefore, polyester-polycarbonates based on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) have attracted extensive attention. However, polyester-polycarbonates with fully rigid structures are difficult to prepare by traditional transesterification methods, which result in low glass transition temperatures and insufficient mechanical properties. Here, a series of polyester-polycarbonates (PCCITs) with a fully rigid structure were prepared by end hydroxyl shielding using dimethyl carbonate derived from CO 2 and biologically sourced isosorbide (IS), and the IS content is 0−60 mol %. The ester bond structure of polyesterpolycarbonate was analyzed by two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS). Due to the V-shaped fused ring structure of IS, the heat resistance of the copolyester is significantly improved. The glass transition temperature of PCCITs ranges from 64.2 to 131.1 °C, and its heat distortion temperature can reach up to 120.1 °C. Furthermore, all copolyesters are entirely amorphous and exhibit good transparency (>88%) and low haze value (<4%). Notably, the mechanical properties of PCCITs are comparable to those of commercial heat-resistant polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), with the tensile strength of PCCT to PCCIT 60 increasing from 43.5 to 57.8 MPa, elongation at break ranging from 206.0 to 4.5%, and impact strength up to 820.3 J m −1 . Life cycle assessment evaluation showed that the GWP value of PCCIT was significantly reduced, up to 41.5%, compared with commercial PETG. This work constructs sustainable IS-based polyester-polycarbonate with fully rigid through the terminal hydroxyl shielding method.

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“…With the acceleration of industrialization worldwide, using petroleum resources to synthesize materials emits a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which has aroused people’s attention to environmental warming. − How to use sustainable resources to develop high-performance and environmentally friendly materials has become a global issue. Faced with this situation, the direct use of CO 2 to prepare chemical monomers or polymers has been further studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Sustainable Synthesis of Polyester-Polycarbonate and Effects of the Carbonate on Thermal, Mechanical, and Transparency Properties

Zeng,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The development of sustainable packaging materials can mitigate the carbon emissions caused by petroleum-based feedstocks, but economically viable polymers that combine stable mechanical properties with transparency remain an issue. This study reports a facile, sustainable one-pot synthesis of polyesterpolycarbonates (PCCTs) through diol end-group shielding by using monomers derived from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Copolymerization of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and dimethyl terephthalate with 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) in varying molar ratios was carried out, and the resulting PCCTs exhibited exceptional optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The incorporation of DMC and CHDM units was found to significantly impact the thermal and optical characteristics of the PCCTs. The copolyester containing 40 to 90 mol % DMC content demonstrated full amorphousness and high transparency, with a Haze value downgrade to less than 5% and visible light transmittance upgrade to 92%. PCCTs maintained a suitable glass transition temperature range of 42.00−81.21 °C. Notably, the mechanical properties of PCCTs are similar to those of commercial glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate, with an increase in tensile strength from 41.3 to 52.4 MPa and elongation at break from 8.1 to 244.0%. Given the environmentally friendly synthetic process and exceptional performance of PCCTs, these copolyesters possess significant potential for mainly application in packaging fields.

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The statistical projection of global GHG emissions from a consumption perspective

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

The IPCC and the challenge of ex post policy evaluation}

The IPCC and the challenge of ex post policy evaluation}

Synthesis of Thermal-Resistant Polyester-Polycarbonate with Fully Rigid Structure from Biobased Isosorbide

Facile Sustainable Synthesis of Polyester-Polycarbonate and Effects of the Carbonate on Thermal, Mechanical, and Transparency Properties

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