The state, small shops and hypermarkets: A public policy for retail, France, 1945–1973

Jacques, Tristan

doi:10.1080/00076791.2017.1413092

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Hardaker (2017) explores the evolution of the Chinese grocery retail industry by delineating the impact of international retailers in China over time. Meanwhile, the of retail trade in the Iberian Peninsula over the long period from the nineteenth century to the Second World War is discussed by Alves and Morris (2017) and Jacques (2018) examines contemporary French retail history, studying both the transformation of retail structures and the evolution of government retail policy from 1945 to 1973. Heyrman (2018) provides a detailed assessment of the role of legislation in the evolution of the retail sector in Belgium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The historical evolution of the Greek retail trade: a first overview of its organisational-functional and spatial restructuring

Manioudis,

Meramveliotakis

2023

J Innov Entrep

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The history of retailing has become an area of growing scholarly interest over the last few decades, with publications mainly concerning the national historiography of retail and wholesaling. On the other hand, although the retail sector is considered to be one of the most historically significant sectors of the Greek economy, the economic history of the Greek retail industry remains a notoriously underdeveloped area of inquiry and, as such, is on the margins of economic and social studies in Greek historiography. In this paper, we, attempt to provide a first concise (and certainly not exhaustive) analysis of the historical development of the Greek retail sector from the nineteenth century to the present (in circa) day. Specifically, we aim to analyse the evolution of the Greek retail trade to assess the spatial and social impacts associated with establishing and operating “new forms” of commerce. The focus is on the sectoral and organisational restructuring of the retail trade with the changes in the standards of the spatial location, which relate to the establishment and operation of retail businesses. Students and scholars of the history of retailing would benefit from this worthwhile exercise which for the first time provides a first overview of the historical development of the Greek retail sector.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The historical evolution of the Greek retail trade: a first overview of its organisational-functional and spatial restructuring

Manioudis,

Meramveliotakis

2023

J Innov Entrep

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“…Stretching from the idea that it was a parasitic activity that did not actively contribute to the urban economy and, rather, acted as mere intermediaries between producers and consumers [14], retail has acquired a position of relevance, especially after the recognition of its key role in the vitality and viability of town centres [15,16]. In academia, part of this discussion arose with the appearance of peripheral commercial precincts (such as the hypermarkets in France that led to the enactment of the Loi Royer [17] or the shopping centres in the UK and the subsequent implementation of the town centre first policy [18][19][20]). Progressively, the incorporation of retail in urban policies occurs, and retail planning began to acquire particular relevance from 1980s onwards [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Business Improvement Districts: A Systematic Review of an Urban Governance Model towards City Center Revitalization

Guimarães

2021

Land

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For some time, business improvement districts (BIDs) have entered into the discourse and practice of academics and urban planners. This model for town centre revitalization was created in North America, whose success has led to its transfer to a growing number of countries. This evolution highlights the importance of BIDs as an urban planning practice, as well as an object of study for academics interested in new models for intervening in central urban areas. BIDs are public–private partnerships, framed within an entrepreneurial logic of urban management that aims to increase the cities’ competitiveness. In this article, we aim to unfold the main research subjects of the literature focused on BIDs. We develop a systematic review for said endeavor, resorting to the established PRISMA protocol. After the screening and analysis of selected articles, four main research subjects were documented: (i) urban governance; (ii) urban policies: mobility and transfer; (iii) activities/axis of intervention; and (iv) types of BIDs/places of intervention. The selected literature enhances the contradictory nature of BIDs, ranging from the economic revitalization of city centres to the occasional exclusionary stance, in which it is developed. Our analysis also points to the important role of different actors in all stages of the policy transfer and implementation.

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“…Already in the 1960s, urban sprawl, along with social and demographic changes (such as women entering the labour force), presented the first significant threat to the high-street [6,7]. New ways of doing business (shopping malls, big-box retail), reinforced by the spread of neoliberal principles in the 1980s, would eventually lead to the decline of city centres in the 1990s [8,9]. Although extensive funding has since been directed to promote town centre revival [10][11][12], the high-street continues to suffer intense competition from other business models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Classification and Location Modelling: Integrating Different Perspectives on Commercial Location and Structure

Colaço

Silva

2021

Land

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Commercial classification is essential to describe and compare the spatial patterns of commercial activity. Most classification systems consider a large set of dimensions that include detailed features such as store ownership or development type. Since new business models are continually being developed, the need to revise classification systems is constant. This makes generalisation hard, thus hindering the comparison of commercial structures in different places and periods. Recent studies have focused on cluster analysis and a smaller number of variables to gain insights into commercial structures, directly addressing this issue. Systematic bottom-up classification generates comparable structures, which is essential to contrast policy results in different situations. Furthermore, since form or accessibility are usually considered in classifications, cluster membership is precluded from most retail location models, often relying on the latter as an explanatory variable. Hence, a new classification system is proposed, based on cluster analysis (k-means) and a minimal set of variables: density, diversity, and clustering. This classification was implemented in 1995, 2002, and 2010 in Lisbon. Cross-sectional analysis of the commercial structures shows the system accurately describes commercial location and change, suggesting it can be generalised as a classification system. Since the minimal dataset also allows for cluster membership to be used on location models, the relationship between commercial classification and location modelling could be strengthened, reinforcing the role of commercial studies in urban planning and policymaking.

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The state, small shops and hypermarkets: A public policy for retail, France, 1945–1973

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

The historical evolution of the Greek retail trade: a first overview of its organisational-functional and spatial restructuring

The historical evolution of the Greek retail trade: a first overview of its organisational-functional and spatial restructuring

Business Improvement Districts: A Systematic Review of an Urban Governance Model towards City Center Revitalization

Commercial Classification and Location Modelling: Integrating Different Perspectives on Commercial Location and Structure

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