The state of water in 1-butly-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and its effect on Zn/Zn(II) redox behavior

Xu, Maotian; Ivey, Douglas G.; Xie, Zhong; Qu, Wei; Dy, Eben Sy

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.027

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…29,101 This is due to the HER, which in the past has been suppressed by additives such as mercury in the zinc electrode. 4 105 It was concluded that the RTIL could support favourable deposition onto Mg substrates due to the formation of a Zn(dca) 3 À complex anion, which resulted in smooth morphologies of deposited Zn. 29,101 RTILs have been extensively studied as electrolytes for electrodeposition of metals, and the authors suggest the following reviews as an excellent resource for a more in depth discussion of that topic.…”

Section: Zn-airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 105 It was concluded that the RTIL could support favourable deposition onto Mg substrates due to the formation of a Zn(dca) 3 À complex anion, which resulted in smooth morphologies of deposited Zn. 3,108 Zinc electrochemistry was found to be quasi-reversible and cycleable in all of the NTf 2 and dca RTILs under study, however, the addition of water was found to increase current densities at the expense of electrochemical stability. 106 From this work, Simons et al 99 substrates.…”

Section: Zn-airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Drying out is the principal reason that researchers have begun to focus on room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as metal-air battery electrolytes, since they can be extremely nonvolatile, highly conductive and have been shown to support the electrochemistry of a number of metals. One obvious complication from this fact is that, whilst it allows entry of air into the cell, it also allows the electrolyte to evaporate out of the cell through the porous cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic liquid electrolytes as a platform for rechargeable metal–air batteries: a perspective

Kar

Simons

Forsyth

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

133

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Metal-air batteries are a well-established technology that can offer high energy densities, low cost and environmental responsibility. Despite these favourable characteristics and utilisation of oxygen as the cathode reactant, these devices have been limited to primary applications, due to a number of problems that occur when the cell is recharged, including electrolyte loss and poor efficiency. Overcoming these obstacles is essential to creating a rechargeable metal-air battery that can be utilised for efficiently capturing renewable energy. Despite the first metal-air battery being created over 100 years ago, the emergence of reactive metals such as lithium has reinvigorated interest in this field. However the reactivity of some of these metals has generated a number of different philosophies regarding the electrolyte of the metal-air battery. Whilst much is already known about the anode and cathode processes in aqueous and organic electrolytes, the shortcomings of these electrolytes (i.e. volatility, instability, flammability etc.) have led some of the metal-air battery community to study room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as non-volatile, highly stable electrolytes that have the potential to support rechargeable metal-air battery processes. In this perspective, we discuss how some of these initial studies have demonstrated the capabilities of RTILs as metal-air battery electrolytes. We will also show that much of the long-held mechanistic knowledge of the oxygen electrode processes might not be applicable in RTIL based electrolytes, allowing for creative new solutions to the traditional irreversibility of the oxygen reduction reaction. Our understanding of key factors such as the effect of catalyst chemistry and surface structure, proton activity and interfacial reactions is still in its infancy in these novel electrolytes. In this perspective we highlight the key areas that need the attention of electrochemists and battery engineers, in order to progress the understanding of the physical and electrochemical processes in RTILs as electrolytes for the various forms of rechargeable metal-air batteries.

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Section: Zn-airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zn-airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ionic liquid electrolytes as a platform for rechargeable metal–air batteries: a perspective

Kar

Simons

Forsyth

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

133

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“…Moreover, IL electrolytes have been shown to generate uniform, non-dendritic zinc depositions, [16][17][18][19][20] while maintaining a small over potential for zinc redox chemistry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, IL electrolytes have been shown to generate uniform, non-dendritic zinc depositions, [16][17][18][19][20] while maintaining a small over potential for zinc redox chemistry. 19 Although ILs could also provide wide electrochemical windows, 21 their high viscosity may give rise to poor wetting of the air electrode and a quick voltage decrease during discharge of the zinc air battery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Zinc Air Batteries and Highly Improved Performance through Potassium Hydroxide Addition to the Molten Carbonate Eutectic Electrolyte

Liu

Han

Cui

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The zinc air battery has been regarded as an efficient solution to renewable energy storage applications in the next generation. Zinc air chemistries are promising, though great challenges still remain to utilize their high energy, optimize efficiency and high discharge rate. Here, we demonstrate an improved zinc air battery by replacing NaOH, used in our previous study, with KOH as an additive to the molten Li 0.87 Na 0.63 K 0.50 CO 3 eutectic electrolyte. Cycling tests showed a very stable performance through 150 charge-discharge cycles, exhibiting high coulombic efficiency (94%) and an average discharge potential of ∼1.08 V when charged at a constant current of 75 mA and discharged over a constant 100 load to 0.8 V cutoff at 550 • C. Moreover, rate tests revealed a good performance even at high rates of cycling, maintaining a coulombic efficiency of over 90% while at 7.3 C. These results show marked improvements in the field of rechargeable zinc air batteries. In modern industrialized society, the demand for electric energy is increasing at a rapid rate.1 Due to the consumption of fossil fuels to generate electricity, the issue of environmental pollution has attracted attention as a crisis of urgency.1,2 Renewable resources, such as wind and solar energy, have emerged as alternatives to fossil fuels. 3-6Nevertheless, there is still a need for a safe, reliable, and efficient energy storage method in order to optimize the conversion of energy in power plants.Among existing approaches, the battery is the most likely to become a highly efficient solution for the next generation of renewable sources applications.7-9 Presently, metal air batteries are among the best candidates due to their high energy densities; specifically, zinc air batteries are noteworthy because of its safe performance, low production cost, etc.Through decades of development, only primary zinc air cells have been implemented in a few fields, such as hearing aids, flash lights and alarm monitoring devices. 10 Compared to primary zinc air batteries, electrically rechargeable zinc air batteries are much more attractive option.11 Unfortunately, these cells are trapped in the development stage because they still suffer from low cell voltage (∼1.0 V), low efficiency, and poor cycle performance, in addition to several technical problems with these cells, namely dendritic growth that causes morphology changes, corrosion and passivation of the zinc electrode during discharge, and low catalytic activity of the air electrode. 12While each of the three main components of the battery (the anode, the cathode, and the electrolyte) plays a vital part in the battery's performance, the electrolyte might be the most important due to its role in the transport of ions throughout the cell. The conductivity of the electrolyte (which is inherently related to the resistance of the electrolyte), can be altered in order to tune the cell voltage of zinc air batteries. 13Alkaline aqueous solutions were adopted as the electrolyte very early on in the development of zinc ai...

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Electrolytes for Zinc‐Air Batteries

2020

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The state of water in 1-butly-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and its effect on Zn/Zn(II) redox behavior

Cited by 57 publications

References 23 publications

Ionic liquid electrolytes as a platform for rechargeable metal–air batteries: a perspective

Ionic liquid electrolytes as a platform for rechargeable metal–air batteries: a perspective

Rechargeable Zinc Air Batteries and Highly Improved Performance through Potassium Hydroxide Addition to the Molten Carbonate Eutectic Electrolyte

Electrolytes for Zinc‐Air Batteries

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