The state of the <scp>German</scp> social insurance state: Reform and resilience

Blank, Florian

doi:10.1111/spol.12542

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The primary concerns associated with an LTCI system are related to the future sustainability and affordability of long-term care financing and the equality of the current funding mechanism [ 1 , 2 ]. Government funding is increasingly burdened by the financing of long-term care, especially for the countries with a social LTCI system, such as in Germany and Japan [ 18 , 19 ]. Currently, some countries have carried out reforms on their LTCI systems to make them sustainable by increasing the individual payment or reducing the reimbursement rate to mitigate the government’s burden [ 18 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Sustainability of Long-Term Care Insurance Systems Based on a Policy–Population–Economy Complex System: The Case Study of China

Peng

Deng

Xia

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Although China launched long-term care insurance (LTCI) pilot program in 2016, there are great challenges associated with developing a sustainable LTCI system due to limited financial resources and a rapid increase in the aging population. This study constructed an LTCI policy–population–economics (PPE) system to assess the sustainability of the LTCI system in China. Based on the latest 76 LTCI policy documents published between 2016 and 2021, this study evaluated the strength of LTCI policy modeling in 14 pilot cities by constructing a policy modeling consistency (PMC) index containing 9 main variables and 36 sub-variables. The coupling coordination model was used to evaluate the interaction between LTCI policy, population aging, and economic development. The results showed that the PMC index ranged from 0.527 to 0.850. The policy strength of Qingdao, Nantong, and Shanghai was the highest (PMC > 0.8). Anqing, Qiqihaer, Chongqing, and Chengdu had the lowest level of policy strength (PMC < 0.6). The main policy weaknesses were the coverage of the LTCI, the sources of funds, the scope of care services, and benefit eligibility. The coupling coordination degree of PPE systems varied from 0.429 to 0.921, with a mean of 0.651. Shanghai, Nantong, and Suzhou had the highest level of coordination. The coordination between subsystems of PPE in most pilot cities (12 of 14 cities) was at a basic or low level. The findings from this study concluded that the coordination within the PPE system should be improved to develop a sustainable LTCI system. To improve the coordination of the PPE system, it is suggested that the country should maintain sustainable economic growth and modify LTCI policies based on demographic transitions and economic development.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Sustainability of Long-Term Care Insurance Systems Based on a Policy–Population–Economy Complex System: The Case Study of China

Peng

Deng

Xia

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…From the mid‐1980s onwards, older claimants with an adequate contribution record were entitled to receive benefits for 18–32 months at most, with the maximum period of 32 months applying to those aged 54 or older (since 1997: 57 or older) (Bothfeld & Rosenthal, 2018: p. 282). In 2006, the maximum duration of benefit entitlement was reduced to 18 months (Dlugosz et al, 2014; Blank, 2020: p. 514), only to be raised again in 2008 after intense debate. Since then, unemployed persons aged 50–54 have been entitled to receive unemployment benefits for up to 15 months, those aged 55–57 for up to 18 months, and claimants aged 58 and above can receive benefits for up to 24 months.…”

Section: Institutional Change In German Unemployment Insurancementioning

confidence: 99%

The perceived fair duration of unemployment benefits for older workers. The role of lifetime achievements in the labour market

et al. 2022

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The welfare state regulates social policies and reallocates scarce resources. For the social legitimacy of the welfare state, it is important that the public supports the principles underlying this reallocation. This article examines the impact of different activities during the life course on public deservingness perceptions of older unemployed people. In a factorial survey experiment conducted among a random sample of individuals drawn from German administrative employment records, we examine the maximum duration of benefit receipt which is perceived as fair for older unemployed persons with different biographies. The results indicate strong public support for a nexus between previous contributions and benefit entitlements. Besides financial contributions to unemployment insurance, parenting and further training are considered to be ‘lifetime achievements’ which justify longer unemployment benefit receipt. We interpret these findings as an expression of a generalised form of reciprocity which guides perceptions of deservingness regarding older unemployed persons.

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“…In Japan, reforms to the LTC system planned for 2017-2023 focus on maintaining sustainability of the LTC insurance system by increasing co-payment rates to 30% for high-income users of LTC (Ministry of Health and Welfare 2017). The German system, which is based on a pay-as-you-go mechanism, has increased mandatory contributions from 1.7% in 1996 to 3.1% in 2019 (Blank 2019). For countries with means-tested systems such as the United States, more emphasis is on individual responsibility and ability to pay for LTC.…”

Section: Challenges Reforms and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Care Financing

Wang¹,

Gu²,

Zhong³

et al. 2020

Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging

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Financing long-term care; Long-term care cost; Long-term care fund Definition Long-term care (LTC) financing refers to the collection, management, and distribution of funds by legal approaches (private insurances, co-payments, taxes, social insurances, etc.) to support the LTC insurance and services for older adults who may require assistance with daily living activities (Stone 2000; Ranci and Pavolini 2013; European Commission 2015) and to ensure the quality and appropriateness of LTC services (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/European Commission 2013; Feng 2019). In most countries, LTC funds can pay for the range of home-and communitybased services, including personal care (bathing, toileting, or eating) and supportive services (house cleaning, meal preparation, or shopping) as well as traditional home healthcare (nursing, therapy, and home health aide care) and community services (home-delivered meals and adult daycare) (Ikegami and Campbell 2002; Manton et al. 2006; Ranci and Pavolini 2013; World Health Organization 2015; Brugiavini et al. 2017). As the definitions and services of LTC vary across countries (World Health Organization and Milbank Memorial Fund 2000), the scope of LTC financing that should be included varies across countries, or even within a country over time, because of different socioeconomic and policy-based considerations. Regardless of its varying scope, LTC financing usually consists of four important components: coverage, financing sources, management, and payment. Overview In tandem with aging populations, the demand for LTC services for a growing number of older people with disabilities or chronic illnesses is increasing rapidly worldwide (O'Leary and Chow 2016). For example, in Europe, the demand is projected to grow from 27 million people in

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The state of the German social insurance state: Reform and resilience

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Assessing the Sustainability of Long-Term Care Insurance Systems Based on a Policy–Population–Economy Complex System: The Case Study of China

Assessing the Sustainability of Long-Term Care Insurance Systems Based on a Policy–Population–Economy Complex System: The Case Study of China

The perceived fair duration of unemployment benefits for older workers. The role of lifetime achievements in the labour market

Long-Term Care Financing

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