The state of the field: from inception to commercialization of metal–organic frameworks

Chen, Zhijie; Wasson, Megan C.; Drout, Riki J.; Robison, Lee; Idrees, Karam B.; Knapp, Julia G.; Son, Florencia A.; Zhang, Xuan; Hierse, Wolfgang; Kühn, Clemens; Marx, Stefan; Hernández, Benjamín; Farha, Omar K.

doi:10.1039/d0fd00103a

Cited by 80 publications

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“…Finally,M OF synthesis and activation protocols are usually not optimized;thus,animportant branch of research is focused on developing efficient protocols for large-scale MOF production. [3,5,8] Meanwhile,the COF field is still in its infancy, and there is al arge space left for fundamental exploration, as well as up-scaling and optimization of COF production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Status of MOF and COF Applications

et al. 2021

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The amalgamation of different disciplines is at the heart of reticular chemistry and has broadened the boundaries of chemistry by opening up an infinite space of chemical composition, structure, and material properties. Reticular design has enabled the precise prediction of crystalline framework structures, tunability of chemical composition, incorporation of various functionalities onto the framework backbone, and as a consequence, fine‐tuning of metal–organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) properties beyond that of any other material class. Leveraging the unique properties of reticular materials has resulted in significant advances from both a fundamental and an applied perspective. Here, we wish to review the milestones in MOF and COF research and give a critical view on progress in their real‐world applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the major challenges in the field that need to be addressed to pave the way for industrial applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Status of MOF and COF Applications

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“…[18] They are constructed through the coordination bonds between metal ions or clusters and organic linkers. [19] MOFs are extremely promising functional materials employed in adsorption, [20] separation, [21] and catalysis [22] technologies to clean contaminated water, which is demonstrated by the exponential growth in the number of publications on MOFs in environmental nanomaterials journals (Figure 1a,b). MOFs are promising materials for water treatment due to their unique properties and precisely defined apertures that can be well Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have potential applications in removing pollutants such as heavy metals, oils, and toxins from water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic MOF Architectures: Effective Strategies for Practical Application in Water Treatment

Yao

Wang

et al. 2021

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have potential applications in removing pollutants such as heavy metals, oils, and toxins from water. However, due to the intrinsic fragility of MOFs and their fine powder form, there are still technical barriers to their practical application such as blockage of pipes, difficulty in recovery, and potential environmental toxicity. Therefore, attention has focused on approaches to convert nanocrystalline MOFs into macroscopic materials to overcome these limitations. Recently, strategies for shaping MOFs into beads (0D), nanofibers (1D), membranes (2D), and gels/sponges (3D) with macrostructures are developed including direct mixing, in situ growth, or deposition of MOFs with polymers, cotton, foams or other porous substrates. In this review, successful strategies for the fabrication of macroscopic materials from MOFs and their applications in removing pollutants from water including adsorption, separation, and advanced oxidation processes, are discussed. The relationship between the macroscopic performance and the microstructure of materials, and how the range of 0D to 3D macroscopic materials can be used for water treatment are also outlined.

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“…[3,4] Heuteist es mçglich, MOF-Pulver zu geringen Kosten (unter 20 E À1 )i mT onnenmaßstabu nd mith oher Raum-Zeit-Ausbeute (STY,s pacetime yield; 10 000kgm À3 d À1 )z us ynthetisieren. [5] Hauptbestimmungsfaktorenf ürd ie Kosten beid er MOF-Produktion sind derP reis deso rganischen Linkers( 5-100 E kg À1 )s owie derM aterialverlust in STYn achd em Aktivierungsprozess. [5] Die Verarbeitbarkeit ist ein wichtiger Punkt, der in der MOF-und COF-Forschung oft übersehen wird.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Viele Start‐up‐Unternehmen haben sich um die MOF‐Produktion im Pilotmaßstab für den Einsatz in verschiedenen Anwendungen bemüht [3, 4] . Heute ist es möglich, MOF‐Pulver zu geringen Kosten (unter 20 € −1 ) im Tonnenmaßstab und mit hoher Raum‐Zeit‐Ausbeute (STY, space–time yield; 10 000 kg m −3 d −1 ) zu synthetisieren [5] . Hauptbestimmungsfaktoren für die Kosten bei der MOF‐Produktion sind der Preis des organischen Linkers (5–100 € kg −1 ) sowie der Materialverlust in STY nach dem Aktivierungsprozess [5] …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Der derzeitige Stand von MOF‐ und COF‐Anwendungen

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Christian Diercks studierte Chemiea nder UniversitätHeidelberg und führte im Grundstudium Forschungsarbeiten in der Gruppe von Prof. Jean-Pierre Sauvage an der Univer-sitätStraßburg sowie an der Northwestern University unter der Leitung von Sir James F. Stoddart durch. Seinen Ph.D. erhielt er 2018 an der UC Berkeley unter der Betreuung von Prof. Omar M. Yaghi fürs eine Arbeit über kovalente organischeG erüstverbindungen. Derzeit ist er Postdoktorandin der Gruppe von Prof. Peter G. Schultz am Scripps Research Institut und arbeitet daran, die Prozesse des zentralen Dogmas der Molekularbiologie um neue Chemien zu erweitern. Stefan Wuttke gründete die Arbeitsgruppe "WuttkeGroup for Science", welche zunächst am Lehrstuhl fürP hysikalische Chemie an der UniversitätMünchen (LMU) angesiedelt war.D erzeit ist er ein Ikerbasque Professor am BaskischenZ entrum fürMaterialien, Anwendungen und Nanostrukturen (BCMaterials, Spanien).S eine Forschung konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung von Methoden zum Schreiben und Lesen chemischer Informationen auf und aus dem Rückgrat von hybriden Gerüstmaterialien. Darüber hinaus umfassen seine Forschungsinteressen das Verständnisder chemischen und physikalischen Prozesse,d ie an ihrer Synthese und Funktionalisierung beteiligt sind. Abbildung 1. Charakteristische Merkmale von MOFsund COFs: I) Bauplan;I I) einstellbare Porosität; III) postsynthetische Modifikation zur Veränderung von Gerüst-Gast-Wechselwirkungen;IV) multivariate Funktionalisierung;V )einfache Charakterisierung;und VI) skalierbare Synthese.

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The state of the field: from inception to commercialization of metal–organic frameworks

Abstract: As chemists and materials scientists, it is our duty to synthesize and utilize materials for a multitude of applications that promote the development of society and the well-being of its...

Cited by 80 publications

References 447 publications

The Current Status of MOF and COF Applications

The Current Status of MOF and COF Applications

Macroscopic MOF Architectures: Effective Strategies for Practical Application in Water Treatment

Der derzeitige Stand von MOF‐ und COF‐Anwendungen

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