The state-of-the-art in the electroreduction of NO_x for the production of ammonia in aqueous and nonaqueous media at ambient conditions: a review

Abstract

The synthesis of ammonia through the Haber-Bosch process has indirectly led to significant CO2 emissions. Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from NOx at ambient conditions is key for achieving resource conservation...

Unlocking the potential of alkaline-earth metal active centers for nitrogen activation and ammonia synthesis: the role of s–d orbital synergy

“…Nevertheless, a DAC with the AE metal supported by the TMD substrate is adopted as the model catalyst in this work, and maybe the other AE metal-based SACs or DACs supported by appropriate substrates could impede H 2 O adsorption. In addition, other than aqueous solutions, some nonaqueous solutions have been used for electrocatalytic reactions, where they exhibited excellent catalytic performances, 60,61 such as ionic liquid, 62 alcohols, 63 tetrahydrofuran, 64 and dimethyl sulfoxide. 65 With such nonaqueous solutions, the competing adsorption of H 2 O against N 2 on the active sites of AE 2 @TMD DACs is expected to be suppressed.…”

Li‐Mediated Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation: Key Advances and Future Perspectives

“…[ 10 ] Reports suggest that nonaqueous electrolytes, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), propylene carbonate, ethylenediamine, and aprotic ionic liquids (ILs), can suppress the HER and enhance overall selectivity for direct nitrogen reduction. [ 11 ] They attribute this suppression to the lower proton concentrations and higher nitrogen solubility of nonaqueous media compared to aqueous media. However, there is a penalty for increased energy loss due to organic electrolytes' lower electrical conductivity.…”

In Situ Grown (Fe,Mn,Ga)3O4–x Spinel/(Mn,Fe)2O3–y Bixbyite Dual-Phase Electrocatalyst for Preeminent Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia: A Step toward the NH3 Economy

“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) is a good storage intermediary and energy transporter for the renewable energy industry and a significant nitrogen source for manufacturing fertilizers, explosives, pharmaceuticals, and other nitrogen-containing chemicals. − However, producing NH 3 with the famous Haber–Bosch (H–B) process can have substantial carbon dioxide emissions to impact climate change. To reach the goal of “2050 net-zero emissions”, alternative approaches to the H–B process are being developed. − Among them, eNRR has attracted attention recently after including the social cost of CO 2 if its rate and catalyst cost can be significantly improved. , …”