The State of the Art of Theranostic Nanomaterials for Lung, Breast, and Prostate Cancers

Abstract

The synthesis and engineering of nanomaterials offer more robust systems for the treatment of cancer, with technologies that combine therapy with imaging diagnostic tools in the so-called nanotheranostics. Among the most studied systems, there are quantum dots, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, and gold nanoparticles. Most of the advantages of nanomaterials over the classic anticancer therapies come from their optimal size, which prevents the elimination by the kidneys and enhances their permeation in the tumor due to the abnormal blood vessels present in cancer tissues. Furthermore, the drug delivery and the contrast efficiency for imaging are enhanced, especially due to the increased surface area and the selective accumulation in the desired tissues. This property leads to the reduced drug dose necessary to exert the desired effect and for a longer action within the tumor. Finally, they are made so that there is no degradation into toxic byproducts and have a lower immune response triggering. In this article, we intend to review and discuss the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic tools for lung, breast, and prostate cancer, as they are among the most prevalent worldwide.

Diagnosis and treatment status of inoperable locally advanced breast cancer and the application value of inorganic nanomaterials

“…The potential to perform imaging, diagnosis, and treatment simultaneously, known as theranostics, using INPs is exciting. It presents significant opportunities for theranostics applications in the local treatment of inoperable LABC [ 31 , 32 ]. The following text will provide a detailed introduction to the progress of translational research on inorganic nanomaterials for their potential clinical applications in diagnosing and treating inoperable LABC.…”

The Evolution and Future of Targeted Cancer Therapy: From Nanoparticles, Oncolytic Viruses, and Oncolytic Bacteria to the Treatment of Solid Tumors

“…While exosomes have other advantages, customization can be difficult. Polymersomes, liposomes and exosomes are not the only nanoparticle formulations to focus on cancer drug delivery, though they are often the most prevalent; but it is worth noting self-assembled and inorganic nanoparticles are increasing in popularity, with several extensive reviews elsewhere [18][19][20]. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems have been used in many clinical trials.…”

High-Precision Optical Excited Heaters Based on Au Nanoparticles and Water-Soluble Porphyrin

“…Gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) are extremely promising as heaters under optical excitation in the plasmon absorption band [1][2][3][4]. Moreover, depending on the morphology, the broad plasmon absorption band can be shifted to the red region of the spectrum, therefore various laser sources could be used for excitation [5,6].…”

“…However, spherical nanoparticles are more convenient from the point of view of predicting functional features, and therefore remain indispensable model samples for the research devoted to the plasmonic nanostructures interaction with molecular systems. In particular, Au NPs can be optically pumped by lasers with a wavelength corresponding to the transparency window of biological tissues [3].…”