The state-of-the-art and prospects for the development of rechargeable lithium batteries

Skundin, A. M.; Ефимов, О. Н.; Yarmolenko, O. V.

doi:10.1070/rc2002v071n04abeh000706

Cited by 53 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The second problem is the catastrophic depletion of raw materials resources for traditional cathode-active materials [7] and their harmful influence on the environment. Titanium dioxide is a prospective material from this standpoint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gigantic Capacito-Energetic Parameters of Lithium-Intercalation Current Generation Reaction in Nanodispersed TiO₂with Defective Structure

et al. 2010

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To determine the reasons of the difference between the parameters of lithium intercalation process for materials of the same nature, the nanodispersed TiO 2 was synthesized by pyrogenic method from TiCl 4 in hydrogen-air flame with SiCl 4 doping precursor and was compared with TiO 2 of "Merck" quality. The X-ray analysis with the use of small-angle scattering method, electronic scanning microscopy and impedance spectroscopy were used to determine aforesaid parameters. Obtained results show that the reason of such behaviour lays in size effect and in modification of energetic topology of impurity system. Thermodynamic parameters of intercalation reaction agree well with investigated properties of ceramic samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gigantic Capacito-Energetic Parameters of Lithium-Intercalation Current Generation Reaction in Nanodispersed TiO₂with Defective Structure

et al. 2010

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“…The problems associated with the development of rechargeable power cells with a lithium or lithiumbased anode and aprotic electrolyte were considered in [86,[91][92][93]. The most diffi cult thing in development of batteries with lithium anode is the cycling of the anode.…”

Section: E MVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium-silicon alloys: Phase diagram, electrochemical studies, thermodynamic properties, application in chemical power cells

Морачевский

Demidov

2015

Russ J Appl Chem

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Review summarizes and analyzes data on the phase diagram, electrochemical behavior in molten media, and thermodynamic properties of alloys in the lithium-silicon system in the solid and liquid states. The use of Li-Si alloys in medium-temperature chemical power cells and prospects for application of silicon and silicon-containing components as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries are discussed.Lithium is one of the most important metals presently determining the scientifi c-technological progress. The metal itself and its alloys and compounds fi nd use in various industries: light alloys, chemical power cells, nuclear technologies, and nonferrous metallurgy [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The world's production of lithium steadily grows, data on lithium resources, their geographical distribution, and application fi elds of lithium-containing products as of the year of 2006 can be found in [12]. Silicon is the most widely occurring semiconductor; its annual world's production constitutes thousands of tons and continues to grow. LITHIUM-SILICON ALLOYS in detail by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, and electrical measurements. Based on the results of [28,29], Okamoto included the compound LiSi into the phase diagram of the Li-Si system (Fig. 1) in an additional review [30].It should be noted that studies of the electrochemical behavior of a lithium-silicon electrode in molten media made a major contribution to analyses of the phase diagram of the Li-Si system, its modeling, and calculation of the thermodynamic properties of compounds of lithium with silicon.Lithium-silicon electrode. In [31], the discharge of an electrode of the following composition (wt %): 60Li and 40Si (86 at % Li and 14 at % Si) was studied in a molten LiCl-KCl eutectic mixture in the temperature range 360-440°C. The discharge curve at 40°C, presented in [31], demonstrates four clearly pronounced plateaus, which indicate, with the exception of the fi rst plateau corresponding to the potential of pure lithium, that there are double-phase regions and boundaries of these. According to [31], the following compounds are formed in the Li-Si system: The thermodynamic characteristics of these compounds were also evaluated (see below).Nearly simultaneously, charge and discharge curves were recorded in the above-mentioned study [19] for the lithium-silicon electrode, together with electromotive force measurements for circuit (1). In a slow discharge, the presence of double-phase regions was clearly indicated (407 and 487°C). The electrode behaves reversibly in the LiCl-KCl melt and the values obtained for the plateau potentials can be used for thermodynamic calculations. The same authors [32] carried out an extensive study of how electrodes fabricated from alloys of various compositions in the Li-Si system (Li 2 Si, Li 21 Si 8 , Li 15 Si 4 ) behave in measurements of chargedischarge curves in molten LiCl-KCl, LiF-LiCl-KCl, and LiF-LiCl-LiBr electrolytes in the temperature range 400-480°C. The current density was within the ...

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“…Kabanov. It is known that the lithium intercalation to carbonaceous electrodes is widely used in lithium-ion batteries [2]. When battery is charged, that is, during the cathodic polarization of graphite electrode in a lithium salt solution in aprotic solvent, lithium ions discharge, and incorporation (intercalation) of lithium atoms to the carbon crystal lattice occurs:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the ?Diamond?Pyrolytic Carbon? nanocomposites using lithium intercalation

et al. 2004

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Electrochemical behavior of the diamond-based composites: a nanodiamond-pyrocarbon composite and Carbal, as well as vacuum-high-temperature-annealed polycrystalline diamond is studied by the cathodic lithium incorporation from LiPF 6 solution in a (1 : 4) propylene carbonate-diethyl carbonate mixture. The amount of incorporated lithium steadily increases with the nondiamond (graphite-like) carbon content in the composite. The intercalation capacity of Carbal equals ~33 mA-h per g of the graphite-like carbon. It is concluded that the graphite-like carbon distributed in the nano-(or micro-)diamond carcass is the electrochemically active phase in the composites.

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The state-of-the-art and prospects for the development of rechargeable lithium batteries

Abstract: For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Cited by 53 publications

References 148 publications

Gigantic Capacito-Energetic Parameters of Lithium-Intercalation Current Generation Reaction in Nanodispersed TiO₂with Defective Structure

Gigantic Capacito-Energetic Parameters of Lithium-Intercalation Current Generation Reaction in Nanodispersed TiO₂with Defective Structure

Lithium-silicon alloys: Phase diagram, electrochemical studies, thermodynamic properties, application in chemical power cells

Study of the ?Diamond?Pyrolytic Carbon? nanocomposites using lithium intercalation

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The state-of-the-art and prospects for the development of rechargeable lithium batteries

Abstract: For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Cited by 53 publications

References 148 publications

Gigantic Capacito-Energetic Parameters of Lithium-Intercalation Current Generation Reaction in Nanodispersed TiO2with Defective Structure

Gigantic Capacito-Energetic Parameters of Lithium-Intercalation Current Generation Reaction in Nanodispersed TiO2with Defective Structure

Lithium-silicon alloys: Phase diagram, electrochemical studies, thermodynamic properties, application in chemical power cells

Study of the ?Diamond?Pyrolytic Carbon? nanocomposites using lithium intercalation

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Product

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Gigantic Capacito-Energetic Parameters of Lithium-Intercalation Current Generation Reaction in Nanodispersed TiO₂with Defective Structure

Gigantic Capacito-Energetic Parameters of Lithium-Intercalation Current Generation Reaction in Nanodispersed TiO₂with Defective Structure