The “state of the art” in cold forming simulation

Influence of design and process parameters on service life of nut hot forging die

“…Tool scrapping can be attributed to two major causes: the first one is due to wear and loss of accurate dimensions, the second one is rupture after crack propagation. A lot of work has been carried out on this subject for cold forming [1], hot forging [2,3] and the contribution of FEM simulation is clearly demonstrated. Nevertheless, each industrial case is different and requires a specific study.…”

Monte Carlo Simulations of Grain Growth in Metals

“…With modern computer technologies, numerical process modeling that is capable of predicting fairly accurately the shape of the deformed parts as well as the strain, strain rate, stress and temperature distributions has become feasible and more prevalent. This success of numerical process modeling is largely attributable to the achieved quality of the applied constitutive laws (i.e., coupling of mechanical and thermal models) that describe the basic material flow under the influence of pressure and heat and to the development of efficient and accurate numerical techniques such as the Finite Element Method (FEM; Altan & Vazquez, 1997;Walters et al, 1997). Recent efforts toward improving the accuracy of the numerical predictions are now increasingly focusing on the modeling of the microstructural phenomena that occur during the thermo-mechanical processing of metals as consequences of complex metallurgical events such as recovery, recrystallization, grain growth, phase transformations, precipitation and dissolution reactions, etc.…”

A multi-scale approach for microstructure prediction in thermo-mechanical processing of metals

“…Esche). achieved quality of the applied constitutive laws (i.e., coupled mechanical and thermal models) that describe the basic material flow under the influence of pressure and heat, and to the development of efficient and accurate numerical procedures such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) [1][2][3].…”