“…For example, some authors grouped Csikszentmihalyi’s dimensions “merging of action of awareness,” “loss of (reflective) self-consciousness,” and “time transformation” as related but independent subcomponents of “immersion” (e.g., Fang et al, 2013; Sillaots & Jesmin, 2016; Simlesa et al, 2018; Yoshida et al, 2014). Alternatively, others identified absorption through measures of time transformation-only (e.g., Grigorieva, 2015), or categorized “loss of reflective self-consciousness” and “time transformation” as outcomes of the flow experience (e.g., Herrando et al, 2018). Overall, the sources we reviewed revealed a trend toward measuring absorption as a single construct, accounting for “established” flow concepts “merging of action of awareness,” “loss of reflective self-consciousness,” and “transformation of time” (for example, Bakker et al, 2017; Fullagar & Kelloway, 2012; Llorens & Salanova, 2017; and, although not included in this review, see also Engeser & Rheinberg’s, 2008; conceptualization of flow as “absorption” and “fluency of performance”).…”