The state of COVID-19 vaccine confidence and need in Black individuals in Canada: Understanding the role of sociodemographic factors, health literacy, conspiracy theories, traumatic stressors and racial discrimination

Cénat, Jude Mary; Moshirian Farahi, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi; Broussard, Cathy; Dalexis, Rose Darly

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.048

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…This scale measures discrimination in education, employment, the justice system, housing, health services, and the economy. It is largely used among racialized people in Canada with excellent internal consistence coefficient 26,27 . The Cronbach's α in the current sample was 0.71.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

COVID‐19 vaccine mistrust, health literacy, conspiracy theories, and racial discrimination among a representative ethnically diverse sample in Canada: The vulnerability of Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous peoples

Cénat,

Moshirian Farahi,

Dalexis

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Despite increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections and higher rates of COVID‐19‐related complications, racialized and Indigenous communities in Canada have lower immunization uptake compared to White individuals. However, there is woeful lack of data on predictors of COVID‐19 vaccine mistrust (VM) that accounts for diverse social and cultural contexts within specific racialized and Indigenous communities. Therefore, we sought to characterize COVID‐19 VM among Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous communities in Canada. An online survey was administered to a nationally representative, ethnically diverse panel of participants in October 2023. Arabic, Asian, Indigenous, and Black respondents were enriched in the sampling panel. Data were collected on demographics, COVID‐19 VM, experience of racial discrimination, health literacy, and conspiracy beliefs. We used descriptive and regression analyses to determine the extent and predictors of COVID‐19 VM among racialized and Indigenous individuals. All racialized respondents had higher VM score compared to White participants. Among 4220 respondents, we observed highest VM among Black individuals (12.18; ±4.24), followed by Arabic (12.12; ±4.60), Indigenous (11.84; ±5.18), Asian (10.61; ±4.28), and White (9.58; ±5.00) participants. In the hierarchical linear regression analyses, Black participants, women, everyday racial discrimination, and major experience of discrimination were positively associated with COVID‐19 VM. Effects of racial discrimination were mediated by addition of conspiracy beliefs to the model. Racialized and Indigenous communities experience varying levels of COVID‐19 VM and carry specific predictors and mediators to development of VM. This underscores the intricate interaction between race, gender, discrimination, and VM that need to be considered in future vaccination campaigns.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

COVID‐19 vaccine mistrust, health literacy, conspiracy theories, and racial discrimination among a representative ethnically diverse sample in Canada: The vulnerability of Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous peoples

Cénat,

Moshirian Farahi,

Dalexis

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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COVID‐19 vaccine uptake, conspiracy theories, and health literacy among Black individuals in Canada: Racial discrimination, confidence in health, and COVID‐19 stress as mediators

Cénat,

Farahi,

Dalexis

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Factors influencing vaccine uptake in Black individuals remain insufficiently documented. Understanding the role of COVID‐19 related stress, conspiracy theories, health literacy, racial discrimination experiences, and confidence in health authorities can inform programs to increase vaccination coverage. We sought to analyze these factors and vaccine uptake among Black individuals in Canada. A representative sample of 2002 Black individuals from Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, and Manitoba, aged 14 years or older completed questionnaires assessing vaccine uptake, health literacy, conspiracy theories, racial discrimination experiences, COVID‐19‐related stress, and confidence in health authorities. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess (1) the effect of health literacy on COVID‐19 vaccination uptake through confidence and need, COVID‐19 related traumatic stress, and racial discrimination, and (2) the effect of conspiracy beliefs on COVID‐19 vaccination uptake through the same factors. Overall, 69.57% (95% confidence interval, 67.55%–71.59%) of the participants were vaccinated and 83.48% of them received two or more doses. Those aged 55 years and older were less likely to be vaccinated, as well as those residing in British Columbia and Manitoba. Mediation models showed that the association between health literacy and COVID‐19 vaccine uptake was mediated by confidence in health authorities (B = 0.02, p < 0.001), COVID‐19‐related stress (B = −0.02, p < 0.001), and racial discrimination (B = −0.01, p = 0.032), but both direct and total effects were nonsignificant. Lastly, conspiracy beliefs were found to have a partial mediation effect through the same mediators (B = 0.02, p < 0.001, B = −0.02, p < 0.001, B = −0.01, p = 0.011, respectively). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address vaccine hesitancy and inform approaches to improve access to vaccinations among Black communities.

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Venous thromboembolism in Black COVID-19 patients in a minority context compared to White, Asian and other racialized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cénat,

Dromer,

Farahi

et al. 2024

Thrombosis Research

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The state of COVID-19 vaccine confidence and need in Black individuals in Canada: Understanding the role of sociodemographic factors, health literacy, conspiracy theories, traumatic stressors and racial discrimination

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

COVID‐19 vaccine mistrust, health literacy, conspiracy theories, and racial discrimination among a representative ethnically diverse sample in Canada: The vulnerability of Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous peoples

COVID‐19 vaccine mistrust, health literacy, conspiracy theories, and racial discrimination among a representative ethnically diverse sample in Canada: The vulnerability of Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous peoples

COVID‐19 vaccine uptake, conspiracy theories, and health literacy among Black individuals in Canada: Racial discrimination, confidence in health, and COVID‐19 stress as mediators

Venous thromboembolism in Black COVID-19 patients in a minority context compared to White, Asian and other racialized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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