The State of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Saudi Arabia: Barriers, Facilitators, and Policy Implications

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a critical public health issue in Saudi Arabia, where it is the leading cause of death. The economic burden of CVD in the country is expected to triple by 2035, reaching $9.8 billion. This paper provides an overview of CVD in Saudi Arabia and its risk factors, impact on healthcare, and effects on patients' quality of life. The review emphasizes the potential of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs in addressing the CVD epidemic. CR programs have been shown to reduce morbidity, mortality, and hospital readmissions while improving patients' cardiovascular health and overall well-being. However, these programs are underutilized and inaccessible in Saudi Arabia. The paper highlights the urgent need for CR programs in the country and suggests key strategies for implementation. These include increasing patient referrals, tailoring programs to individual needs, enhancing patient education, and making CR accessible through home-based options. Fostering multidisciplinary collaboration and developing tailored guidelines for Arab countries can further enhance the impact of CR programs. In conclusion, this review underscores the vital importance of comprehensive CR programs in Saudi Arabia to combat the rising CVD burden, improve patient quality of life, and align with the goals of the Saudi 2030 Vision for a healthier society.

Unveiling the molecular mechanisms: dietary phytosterols as guardians against cardiovascular diseases

“…In 2019, an estimated 17.9 million people died from these diseases, accounting for 32% of all deaths worldwide, and 85% of these deaths were related to stroke or myocardial infarction [4]. Several risk factors contribute to the occurrence of CVDs, including chronic inflammation, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, sedentary, overweight, diabetes mellitus, and genetic predisposition [5][6][7]. Regardless of significant attempts to address these traditional risk factors, other potential cardiovascular risks are emerging.…”