The state of bisphenol research in the lesser developed countries of the EU: a mini-review

Abstract

Bisphenol compounds are a class of chemical epoxy resins that are found throughout the world in food packaging, thermal paper products, dental materials, and more. These compounds were deemed to be safe until recently, when some studies noticed adverse effects at very low doses, due to the fact that bisphenol acts as an endocrine disruptor. Over the last ten years, studies have been performed to detect bisphenols (especially BPA) in serum and blood samples throughout the world. Essentially, the majority of the earth's population seems to have significantly measurable levels of bisphenol in their blood plasma or urine. However, the majority of the population is unaware that a potential danger may exist. The purpose of this mini-review is to report upon the state of bisphenol research in the lesser developed member-states of the European Union and to increase awareness of the exposure level and possible adverse health effects of this endocrine disruptor. The results show that only three of the most newly admitted members of the European Union have published research concerning the health effects and/or environmental exposure of EU citizens to bisphenol compounds. Those countries were Slovenia, Poland and the Czech Republic. The rest of the surveyed member-states had little or no published research in relation to bisphenol compounds. Furthermore, even the three nations referred to above still lagged far behind the more advanced EU member-states. The lack of research could translate into a lack of awareness amongst the citizenry of nearly half of the EU, and may be unnecessarily putting those EU citizens at an increased risk of exposure.

The quantification of bisphenols and their analogues in wastewaters and surface water by an improved solid-phase extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method

“…BPS is currently used as a safe replacement for BPA (Becerra and Odermatt 2012 ), but there are reports which present its negative impact on human health (Thoene et al 2018 ; Qiu et al 2019 ). BPS has an EDC character, compared with BPA (lower or higher depending on the study (Chen et al 2016 ; Hąc-Wydro et al 2019 ; Lee et al 2019 )).…”

Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure

“…It is very possible for a developing child to become exposed to at least 10 times the legal safe amount of BPA, since it is found everywhere in the polluted world and many parents may still be unaware of the dangers of BPA exposure, especially in developing countries [ 25 ]. Therefore, it is recommended to perhaps revise the current suggested safe levels of BPA exposure downward, as well as increase the awareness of the public to the potential dangers of BPA—especially with regard to children.…”

Curing behavior and properties of epoxy monomers with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride

“…[1][2][3] The epoxy resins that are used commercially are monomers or low molecular weight oligomers, with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) being the dominating structural framework. [4][5][6] The DGEBA containing epoxy resins shows good structural rigidity and stability, and they often exhibit good dimensional stability and excellent physical and chemical resistance levels. [7][8] Epoxy resins composites also, proven a wide range of applications in adhesives, coating, and electronic applications.…”