“…The use of machine learning enables the attainment of findings in a prompt and dependable manner. Various aspects of structural engineering are investigated through studies, encompassing confinement coefficients, compressive strength, carbonation, chloride diffusion, failure mode, lateral drifts, long-term deflections, behavior under seismic effects, flexural strength, axial capacity, structural damage, shear stress and plastic viscosity, optimum design, moment capacity, and ductility of diverse materials [10,11,12]. Researchers have used parametric and nonparametric machine learning techniques in civil/structural engineering applications for more than only damage identification.…”