The state, hate speech regulation and sustainable democracy in Africa: a study of Nigeria and Kenya

Asogwa, Nicholas U.; Ezeibe, Christian

doi:10.1080/14725843.2020.1813548

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The traditional media, particularly the vernacular radio stations, were indicted in the violence that erupted in Kenya following the 2007 elections (Somerville, 2011). Kenya has made some advances in trying to tame hate speech in its body politic by enacting a specific anti-hate speech legislation, the NCIC Act of 2008 (Asogwa & Ezeibe, 2020).…”

Section: Brief Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the years, following Nigeria's political independence in 1960, there have been sporadic outbreaks of tension and conflicts, that are linked not only to the country's multiethnic and religious diversity but to the use of hate speech to fan the embers of acrimony. Asogwa and Ezeibe (2020) observe that ethnic-based hate speech promotes hostility that eventually degenerates to violence and civil wars. Interestingly, social media platforms have become veritable tools in amplifying and expanding the tensions associated with Nigeria's multiethnic and multi-religious character in real time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scholars have contended that, hate speech as a driver of tension and conflicts in Nigeria is not new. Asogwa and Ezeibe (2020) point out that Nigeria's military coups of 1966 and the unfortunate civil war that followed, and the various election-related violence are linked to hate speech. What is new about contemporary hate speech in Nigeria is the means of its dissemination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notwithstanding the recency of the incorporation of social media in the political architecture of Nigeria, some studies have been carried out to understand its impact on electoral mobilization, including the employment of hate speech in the process. The focus of such previous scholarship on hate speech, with regard to the Nigerian political system, generally centred on how political actors deployed hate speeches to advance their political interests, especially in maligning their opponents in the pre and post-election periods, as well as, in precipitating violence (Alakali, Faga & Mbursa, 2017;Fasakin et al, 2017;Ikeanyibe et al, 2017;Asogwa & Ezeibe, 2020;Ezeibe, 2021). Thus, very little attention has been devoted to the use of hate speech by political supporters and electorates, to advance their diverse political agenda and its witting or unwitting consequences on peaceful elections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Social Media in Politics: Interrogating Electorate-Driven Hate Speech in Nigeria's 2019 Presidential Campaigns

Nwozor

Ajakaiye

Okidu

et al. 2022

JeDEM

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Social media has become an indispensable and dominant means of communication and dissemination of information worldwide. This paper focuses on the use of Facebook by political supporters and electorates to canvass for support for their preferred presidential candidates in the 2019 general elections and the underlying hate speech that emanated therefrom. In this context, this paper seeks to critically evaluate how political supporters and electorates used the instrumentality of Facebook to share hate messages during the 2019 presidential election and its impact on Nigeria’s political space. The results of this paper indicate widespread dissemination of hate comments by political supporters and electorates in the furtherance of their support for their preferred presidential candidates. The paper advocates responsible use of Facebook in electioneering and the imperative of regulation to guard against the circulation of hate electoral comments that could heat up the political arena and trigger electoral violence.

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Section: Brief Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Social Media in Politics: Interrogating Electorate-Driven Hate Speech in Nigeria's 2019 Presidential Campaigns

Nwozor

Ajakaiye

Okidu

et al. 2022

JeDEM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Such content is often considered harmful for a rationale and constructive debate [1]. Many countries have defined more and more detailed rules for dealing with offensive posts [2,3]. Companies and platforms are also concerned about problematic content.…”

Section: Introduction: Hate Speech and Its Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the HASOC Track at FIRE 2020: Hate Speech and Offensive Language Identification in Tamil, Malayalam, Hindi, English and German

Mandl

Modha²,

et al. 2020

Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation

104

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With the growth of social media, the spread of hate speech is also increasing rapidly. Social media are widely used in many countries. Also Hate Speech is spreading in these countries. This brings a need for multilingual Hate Speech detection algorithms. Much research in this area is dedicated to English at the moment. The HASOC track intends to provide a platform to develop and optimize Hate Speech detection algorithms for Hindi, German and English. The dataset is collected from a Twitter archive and pre-classified by a machine learning system. HASOC has two sub-task for all three languages: task A is a binary classification problem (Hate and Not Offensive) while task B is a fine-grained classification problem for three classes (HATE) Hate speech, OFFENSIVE and PROFANITY. Overall, 252 runs were submitted by 40 teams. The performance of the best classification algorithms for task A are F1 measures of 0.51, 0.53 and 0.52 for English, Hindi, and German, respectively. For task B, the best classification algorithms achieved F1 measures of 0.26, 0.33 and 0.29 for English, Hindi, and German, respectively. This article presents the tasks and the data development as well as the results. The best performing algorithms were mainly variants of the transformer architecture BERT. However, also other systems were applied with good success.

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From Protection to Repression: State Containment of COVID-19 Pandemic and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria

Ezeibe

Iwuoha

Mbaigbo

et al. 2022

Victims & Offenders

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The state, hate speech regulation and sustainable democracy in Africa: a study of Nigeria and Kenya

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Social Media in Politics: Interrogating Electorate-Driven Hate Speech in Nigeria's 2019 Presidential Campaigns

Social Media in Politics: Interrogating Electorate-Driven Hate Speech in Nigeria's 2019 Presidential Campaigns

Overview of the HASOC Track at FIRE 2020: Hate Speech and Offensive Language Identification in Tamil, Malayalam, Hindi, English and German

From Protection to Repression: State Containment of COVID-19 Pandemic and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria

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