“…Despite facing repression, the traditional Shi'i clerics-who constitute the overwhelming majority of high ranking clerics in Iran-continue to preach the millennia-long Shi'i belief that, as long as the 12th Imam is absent, the Shi'i clerics should avoid direct involvement in politics and only dwell on purely religious matters (Behrooz 1996;Kazemzadeh 1996). Sunnis, both traditional and fundamentalist, advocate the implementation of the Shariah (Islamic religious law), but do not advocate the rule of Sunni ulama or muftis (clerics).…”