The start-up of an anammox reactor as the second step for the treatment of ammonium rich refinery (IGCC) wastewater with high C org /N ratio

Application of anammox within an integrated approach to sustainable food waste management and valorization

“…The anammox unit consisted of a 3 L sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a working volume of 2.1 L, operated at controlled temperature (35±0.5 °C) and pH (7.0±0.1). In order to reduce start-up time, granular anammox biomass originating from a previous experimental campaign concerning refinery wastewater treatment [10] was used as inoculum. The reactor was operated in fed-batch mode with a 6h cycle configuration (267 min mixed feeding, 83 min reaction, 5 min settling and 5 min effluent withdrawal).…”

“…The granular anammox reactor was fed with a synthetic medium simulating PN-treated 2sAD-FW wastewater [16], in order to avoid any influence of the previous experimental campaign [10], as well as to achieve stable process performance under strictly controlled conditions, which constituted the starting point for the present study. The synthetic medium consisted of NH4HCO3 3,848mg/L, NaNO2 4,030 mg/L, MgSO4•7 H2O 200 mg/L, KH2PO4 6.25 mg/L, CaCl2 300 mg/L, FeSO4•7 H2O 12.5 mg/L and trace element solution [18] (1.25 mL/L) in distilled water.…”

“…The synthetic medium consisted of NH4HCO3 3,848mg/L, NaNO2 4,030 mg/L, MgSO4•7 H2O 200 mg/L, KH2PO4 6.25 mg/L, CaCl2 300 mg/L, FeSO4•7 H2O 12.5 mg/L and trace element solution [18] (1.25 mL/L) in distilled water. The synthetic medium was progressively replaced by the PN-treated 2sAD-FW wastewater according to a conservative exponential rule [10] (see supplementary material, SM2). The main characteristics of both untreated and PN-treated 2sAD-FW wastewater are summarized in Table 2.…”

“…In the PN reactor, roughly 50-55% of influent ammonium should be converted into nitrite by ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), so that the residual ammonium can be converted into dinitrogen gas in the anammox reactor by Planctomycetes (a distinct phylum in the Bacteria domain), using nitrite as electron acceptor [9]. PN/anammox represents a cost-and technically effective alternative to conventional biological treatment based on full nitrification and denitrification, as well as to chemical-physical processes, requiring less energy and fewer chemicals (no exogenous organic substrates such as methanol or glucose are required) [10,11]. Moreover, the PN/anammox footprint is low in terms of greenhouse gas emissions [12,13], which makes it an eco-sustainable option worthy of being investigated; compared with conventional wastewater treatment based on nitrification and denitrification, CO2 emissions may be reduced by up to 80%, and N2O is absent in anammox physiology (conversely, it is an intermediate in denitrification) [13].…”

Petrochemical Wastewater and Produced Water

“…A granular anammox reactor was investigated to treat the refinery wastewater produced by the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with high ammonium and high Corg/N ratio (Milia et al, 2017). A conservative start-up strategy and the preliminary partial nitrification step were needed for an efficient removal of readily degradable organic matter.…”