The Standard of Living.

Social Farming Evolutionary Web: from Public Intervention to Value Co-Production

“…This topic is not new, and the transition from economic development to the concept of prosperity has been present in public debates for many years, where increasing attention has been given to collaborations between the economy, society, and nature in terms of the organization of affordable systems in times of scarcity and related enormous challenges [66] The second driving force relates to the evolving expectations of social rights and how to best fit them. The debate initiated by Sen [42] around such capabilities influenced reflections on welfare provisions and social and individual dignity, thereby contributing to the concept of social justice. The influence of Sen, on the one hand, prompted debate over the fact that it is not important how and who is providing services but how an individual might have the rights to access such services, independent of the actors and resources involved.…”

“…Starting in Europe (but present today in many countries (South Korea, Japan, etc. )), the debate on social farming focuses on common topics, such as the traditional scarcity of public funds and social services in both urban and rural areas; the demand for social support in rural societies to tackle urgent problems (e.g., aging, depopulation, and migratory in-and outflows); the growing debate at the national level on welfare reform, especially in Europe; the organization of innovative and more sustainable and equitable productive and reproductive systems in times of crisis; shocks and scarcities; and the opportunity to use more effective tools to increase the capabilities [42] of disadvantaged people, while also generating innovative services using nature-based solutions. Social farming has an impact on the participants involved but also on others.…”

A Critique of EC 2000 from Amartya Sen’s Capability Framework

“…Thus to understand the limits of what engineering accreditation can and cannot do it important to understand its implicit assumptions. Next the paper discusses an alternative framework to quality improvement, the capability approach, drawn from Amartya Sen's work on economic development [6], [7] and expanded upon by the philosopher Martha Nussbaum [8]. Finally, ABET accreditation is compared with the capability approach to contrast how different starting assumptions highlights areas current accreditation practices are both perceptive of and potentially blind to with regards to the structures, processes, and actions that comprise engineering education.…”