The staining effect of different mouthwashes containing nanoparticles on dental enamel

Abstract

Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of several mouthwashes containing nanoparticles on discoloration of dental enamel, and compare the results with that of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Material and Methods Sixty intact premolars were randomly assigned to six groups. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color of the teeth (T1) according to the CIELAB system. The specimens in groups 1 to 4 were then immersed in colloidal solutions containing nanoTiO2 (Group 1), nanoZnO (Group 2), nanoAg (Group 3) and nanoCuO (Group 4). In groups 5 and 6, a 0.2% CHX mouthwash and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After 24 hours of immersion, color determination was repeated (T2). The third color assessment was accomplished after brushing (T3). The L, a, and b values were recorded and the color change (?E) between different stages was calculated. Results ANOVA revealed significant between-group differences in the color change between T1 and T2 stages, as well as between T1 and T3 time points (p<0.05), whereas the color change between T2 and T3 was not significantly different among the study groups (p=0.09). ?ET1-T3 was significantly lower in the specimens immersed in distilled water or CHX as compared to the nanoparticle-containing mouthwashes (p<0.05). The highest ?E value pertained to the specimens immersed in nanoZnO-containing solution. The TiO2 nanoparticles caused the lowest staining among the tested nanoparticles. Conclusions The mouthwashes containing nanoparticles produced comparable or even greater enamel discoloration compared to CHX. Brushing had little effect on removal of induced stains. Key words:Nanoparticle, mouthrinse, mouthwash, staining, enamel, discoloration, chlorhexidine.

Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of coconut oil and chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans: An : An in vivo study study

“…Literature shows that long-term use of chlorhexidine alters taste sensation and produces brown staining on the teeth. [30]…”

Nanoparticles as Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Remineralizing Agents in Oral Care Cosmetics: A Review of the Current Situation

“…One problem associated with the use of ZnO NP mouthwash is enamel discoloration. Eslami and colleagues concluded that extracted teeth immersed in ZnO NPs had the most severe color change, followed by CuO NPs, Ag NPs, TiO 2 NPs, and chlorhexidine, successively [168].…”

Effect of Coconut Oil Pulling on Streptococcus Mutans Count in Saliva in Comparison with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash

“…It is edible oil and easily obtainable in market, thus it was used in the present study (10) . Another reason for using coconut oil in this study as described by other studies (11) . Use of 0.2% chlorohexidine mouthwash displayed mild discoloration on teeth in few practitioners, while no discoloration was obtained in participants using coconut oil as mouthwash.…”

“…Which studied the effect of coconut oil on streptococcus mutans and contrast its effect with chlorohexidine, it was exhibited that coconut oil has high saponification index. It contains lauric acid which can react with alkalis in saliva such as sodium hydroxide and bicarbonates to make sodium laureate-soap like substance, this can decrease plaque attachment, accumulation and Effect of Coconut Oil Pulling on Streptococcus Mutans Count in Saliva in Comparison (11) it has highly washing action. Coconut oil has antimicrobial action and is potent against streptococcus mutans and fungi in a vitro biofilm; it also has an agreeable test and it is useful for oral health (20) .…”