“…Therefore, artificial intelligence (AI) is proposed, and the PID parameters are applied to autotuning such as fuzzy logic (Ahmadreza Abazari & Wu, 2019;Chaiyatham & Ngamroo, 2014), a genetic algorithm (GA; Civelek, Çam, LÜy, & Mamur, 2016;Neath, Swain, Madawala, & Thrimawithana, 2013), a neural network (NN; Jing & Cheng, 2013;Merayo et al, 2017), particle swarm optimization (PSO; Gaing, 2004), and the particle swarm optimization-genetic algorithm (Amir Hossein Fathi,Khaloozadeh, & Shisheie, 2012). Many AI approaches have been proposed and applied to autotune the PID parameter, requiring higher convergence and more memory capacity (Hasanien, 2013;Jing and Cheng, 2013;Xin, Yanghua, Yong, Ran, & Bin, 2013;Zhang, Fan, Zang, Zhao, & Hao, 2015). In a real control system, the high convergence effects the reliability, and memory is limited (Jung, Leu, Do, Kim, & Choi, 2015).…”