The stability of and intercorrelations among cardiovascular, immune, endocrine, and psychological reactivity

Cohen, Sheldon; Hamrick, Natalie; Rodriguez, Mario; Feldman, Pamela J.; Rabin, Bruce S.; Manuck, Stephen B.

doi:10.1007/bf02895111

Cited by 156 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Yet affective states during distressing, but also during pleasant situations, are phenomena that comprise changes in subjective experience and physiology (Cohen et al, 2000;Plutchik, 1984;Scherer, 1984). These affect components should go hand in hand: For instance, feeling stressed should go along with an increased motivation to change the situation, and with physiological changes (e.g., heart rate and cortisol secretion increases; Almela et al, 2011;Cohen et al, 2000;Dickerson, & Kemeny, 2004) that provide the necessary energy to implement these motivational tendencies. However, empirical evidence of such coherence between changes in affective experiences and physiology is typically not very strong (Cohen et al, 2000;Mauss & Robinson, 2009).…”

Section: Prior Research On Age Differences In Affect Coherencementioning

confidence: 99%

Affect dynamics across the lifespan: With age, heart rate reacts less strongly, but recovers more slowly from unpleasant emotional situations.

Wrzus¹,

Müller²,

Wagner³

et al. 2014

Psychology and Aging

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We propose that a comprehensive understanding of age differences in affective responses to emotional situations requires the distinction of 2 components of affect dynamics: reactivity, the deviation from a person's baseline, and recovery, the return to this baseline. The present study demonstrates the utility of this approach with a focus on age differences in responses of negative affect and heart rate to an unpleasant emotional situation in 92 participants aged 14 to 83. The emotional situation was elicited with a social-cognitive stress task. Participants' negative affect and heart rate were measured throughout the task. Results showed that heart rate reactivity decreased, but heart rate recovery time increased, with age. In contrast, no significant age differences were observed in either reactivity or recovery for negative affect. These findings confirm that reactivity to, and recovery from, unpleasant emotional situations are distinct components of affect dynamics. They underscore the multidirectional nature of age differences in affective processes.

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Section: Prior Research On Age Differences In Affect Coherencementioning

confidence: 99%

Affect dynamics across the lifespan: With age, heart rate reacts less strongly, but recovers more slowly from unpleasant emotional situations.

Wrzus¹,

Müller²,

Wagner³

et al. 2014

Psychology and Aging

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“…29 Other studies have also concluded that speech tasks with a similar evaluative board produce strong and moderately stable BP responses, which vary between individuals. 30,31 Statistical analysis The data were screened for outliers. Birth weight (range 2290-4920 g), length, PI or head circumference adjusted for sex and length of gestation, nor length of gestation (range 253-307 days) did not exceed73 s.d.s, from the mean for any of the participants.…”

Section: Experimental Stress Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stressors in late adulthood is predicted by gestational age at birth

Feldt

Räikkönen

Eriksson³

et al. 2007

J Hum Hypertens

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The relationships of body size and gestational age at birth with adult blood pressure (BP) are relatively modest compared to their stronger associations with cardiovascular disease. BP reactivity is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity, and it is possible that reactivity, rather than resting level, is determined in utero. We investigated whether body size and gestational age at birth predict BP reactivity during experimentally induced psychosocial stress in late adulthood. A total of 73 men and 80 women born after 36 weeks' gestation in Helsinki, Finland, during 1934-1944 underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST); a standardized psychosocial stress test consisting of a public speech and an arithmetic task. Changes in BP were monitored continuously by a non-invasive finger photoplethysmography (Finometer, FMS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The results showed that the most robust early determinant of BP reactivity was gestational age; however, with opposite relationships between the sexes (P for interaction o0.001). A 1-week increase in gestational age was associated with a 3.1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2 to 6.0) and 1.2 mm Hg (95% CI, À0.1 to 2.6) decreases in systolic and diastolic BP reactivity in women, but with 5.2 mm Hg (95% CI, 1.9 to 8.4) and 2.3 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.9 to 3.8) increases in men. In conclusion, normal variation in gestational age at birth predicts cardiovascular stress reactivity in later adulthood. Given that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis contributes to the regulation of autonomic nervous system function and the timing of parturition, and shows well-established sex differences, we speculate a role for early programming of this axis in explaining the findings.

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“…Therefore, in this section citations refer to studies of TSST in single settings. Cohen et al (2000) showed that fear and stress levels increased during a second exposure to the TSST (two week interval), but the increases were less extreme as during the first exposure. Similarly, Jönsson et al (2010) found that subjects felt significantly less frightened during a second exposure to the TSST (one week interval).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Mood and autonomic responses to repeated exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups (TSST-G)

Boesch

Sefidan

Ehlert

et al. 2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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The stability of and intercorrelations among cardiovascular, immune, endocrine, and psychological reactivity

Cited by 156 publications

References 38 publications

Affect dynamics across the lifespan: With age, heart rate reacts less strongly, but recovers more slowly from unpleasant emotional situations.

Affect dynamics across the lifespan: With age, heart rate reacts less strongly, but recovers more slowly from unpleasant emotional situations.

Cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stressors in late adulthood is predicted by gestational age at birth

Mood and autonomic responses to repeated exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups (TSST-G)

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