The ST-EP programme and least developed countries: is tourism the best alternative?

Nawijn, Jeroen; Peeters, PM; Sterren, JH van der

doi:10.1079/9781845934255.0001

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Critics also suggest that pro-poor tourism is overly anthropocentric and, hence environmental sustainability is subordinated to the material needs of the poor (Chok et al, 2007), although others suggest that it is unrealistic to link poverty reduction as a practical interventionist measure to sustainable tourism as in the case of the ST-EP programme (Nawijn et al, 2008). However, Harrison (2008) observes that proponents of pro-poor tourism make no claim to be concerned with the global political economy or sustainable development; their focus is on practical measures to help the poor.…”

Section: Pro-poor Tourismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Tourism and Poverty Reduction: The Case of Mauritius

Sharpley

Naidoo

2010

Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development

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Although development policies in general, and tourism development in particular, have long been implicitly concerned with meeting the needs of the poor, poverty reduction has become a more explicit objective of development over the last decade. That is, not only has poverty reduction become a global development goal but also increasing attention has been paid to so-called pro-poor tourism as a specific means of addressing poverty. Nevertheless, surprisingly limited academic attention has been paid to the topic. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to address this gap in the literature. Reviewing the meaning of poverty and the concept of pro-poor tourism, it explores a number of initiatives in Mauritius that seek to enhance tourism's contribution to alleviating poverty and other social needs, focusing in particular on the recent Integrated Resort Scheme. In so doing, it identifies a number of issues and challenges facing pro-poor tourism initiatives both in Mauritius and more generally, and concludes that although tourism may bring shorter-term economic benefits to the poor, by itself it is unlikely to make a longer-term, sustainable contribution to poverty reduction.

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Section: Pro-poor Tourismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Tourism and Poverty Reduction: The Case of Mauritius

Sharpley

Naidoo

2010

Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development

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“…Researchers (Asker et al, 2011;Goodwin & Santilli, 2009;Kibicho, 2008;Okazaki, 2008;Simpson, 2009) have stated that there is often an unequitable distribution of benefits affiliated with CBT and that only select individuals position themselves to receive the benefits. Even if a specialised tourism product, as is the case of most CBT projects, would generate more economic growth, there has been little proof that the benefits are distributed fairly among residents (Nawijn et al, 2008), which is significant cause of concern for key stakeholder groups and hence, presents a stimulus to conflict.…”

Section: Challenges Of Cbtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessment of examples of local, small-scale initiatives has shown outcomes in relation to increasing income for communities below the poverty line (Nawijn, Peeter, & Sterren, 2008). Asker et al (2010, p. 3) state:…”

Section: Benefits and Expectations Of Cbtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if a specialised tourism product, as is the case in most CBT projects, would generate economic growth, other 'instances' associated with benefits that raise conflict include unfair benefit distribution, which could involve disbursement to local elites only, and foreign investment (Asker et al, 2010;Choi & Sirakaya, 2005;Goodwin & Santilli, 2009;Hemson et al, 2009;Kibicho, 2008;Nawijn et al, 2008;Okazaki, 2008;M. C. Simpson, 2009;Zapata et al, 2011).…”

Section: Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conflict management within the context of community based tourism: an exploratory study

Curcija¹

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Community based tourism (CBT) as a concept offers a multitude of opportunities and benefits; however, there are numerous challenges in achieving such positive outcomes in real world communities.While conducting the review of the literature, the term 'conflict' emerged as a concept that could be used to describe many of the challenges occurring within CBT and the term 'conflict management' was recognised as the process responsible for positive or negative outcomes during the CBT process. The research gap became evident through the realisation that conflict and conflict management had not been specifically studied within the CBT context.To address the research gap, the purpose of this study was developed: to explore conflict and its management during CBT initiatives. To initiate this process, a model of conflict management was developed after reviewing both the CBT and conflict management literature.As a result, an original contribution towards understanding conflict management was developed, which was presented as a linear model.The conceptualisation of the linear model involved an 'instance' of conflict occurring, followed by a 'response' to the conflict, which then initiated an 'impact' on the CBT project. To determine if this logic was appropriate, a systematic review of the CBT literature was then conducted to assess the context of these three CBT-related concepts. This review determined the linear model to be a logical progression and also distinguished which CBT related concepts were most frequently mentioned as being 'instances', 'responses', and 'impacts'.The five research objectives developed for this study were 1) to explore instances of conflict that occur within CBT initiatives; 2) to investigate the conflict management techniques used to respond to the identified conflict; 3) to explore how the response to the conflict impacted the CBT initiative; 4) to determine whether the proposed model of 'instances', 'responses', and 'impacts' provides an initial understanding of the 'conflict theme' components that can be identified when addressing conflict management during CBT; and 5) to consider how the investigation of 'instances', 'responses', and 'impacts' of conflict in CBT can inform future projects to increase the likelihood of success. Page | iiTwo stages of the exploratory research design were undertaken to attain qualitative data from CBT examples across the globe from representatives of four CBT stakeholder groups affiliated with CBT development: community, government, non-governmental organisations, and private enterprise. The first stage was an online survey, which investigated the conflict themes of 'instances', 'responses', and 'impacts' across the four stakeholder groups. The respondents were invited to participate in the second stage and the results were used to inform and develop the Stage 2 interview guide. During the Stage 2 interviews, the Constant Comparative Method (CCM) was used to acquire a dataset that constantly grew in detail and richness due to the evolution of the intervi...

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“…From this perspective, PPT generates excessive expectations regarding the capacity of tourism to combat poverty without taking into consideration the structural limitations of the sector (Nawijn et al. ; Spenceley and Meyer ; Trau ). Because PPT exclusively considers whether the impoverished population receives income, it legitimizes business practices that have serious consequences on the local economies, societies and ecosystems (Chok et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro‐Poor Tourism as a Strategy to Fight Rural Poverty: A Critique

Gascón

2014

Journal of Agrarian Change

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Pro‐poor tourism (PPT) is a development methodology that aims to use tourism as a tool for poverty reduction. PPT has been adopted by multilateral institutions, official development agencies and non‐governmental organizations (NGOs). PPT assumes an absolute definition of poverty that is based on net income. This definition allows the consideration of a tourism initiative as ‘pro‐poor’ even though the income earned by the poor population may be marginal. This paper analyses whether PPT's concept of poverty adequately addresses the issues in rural poverty. We analyse one case of unequal distribution of income generated from tourism in the 1990s (Amantaní Island, Perú). The paper concludes that PPT's concept of poverty circumvents the fact that an unequal distribution of income could imply a loss in the quality of life for the majority of a rural population: the high‐income social sector tends to increase its economic and political power to the detriment of other social sectors.

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The ST-EP programme and least developed countries: is tourism the best alternative?

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Tourism and Poverty Reduction: The Case of Mauritius

Tourism and Poverty Reduction: The Case of Mauritius

Conflict management within the context of community based tourism: an exploratory study

Pro‐Poor Tourism as a Strategy to Fight Rural Poverty: A Critique

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