The Spring-Fed Irrigation System of Carrizal, Peru: A Case Study of the Hypothesis of Agrarian Collapse

Clement, Christopher Ohm; Moseley, Michael E.

doi:10.1179/009346991791549059

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The coastal valley is steep‐sided and narrow, eventually opening to a broader fertile plain ∼300 m wide (Owen, 1993). In addition to the main channel, freshwater is available in seeps and springs along the coastal plain, particularly north of the river (Clement & Moseley, 1991).…”

Section: The Osmore Drainage: Geographic and Ecological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic evidence for Middle Horizon to 16th century camelid herding in the Osmore Valley, Peru

Thornton

deFrance

Krigbaum

et al. 2011

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Sr) were also assessed to infer pasture elevation using the camelid remains from Cerro Baú l (n ¼ 11). One individual in this sub-sample exhibits a non-local 87 Sr/ 86 Sr value indicative of an origin in the highland puna region east or south of Lake Titicaca. It was not possible to further distinguish between camelids herded in lower to middle elevation habitats outside the Lake Titicaca basin using 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values. This study suggests that multiple isotope proxies may be used to identify animals primarily pastured in lowland coastal versus highland puna (> 4000 masl (meters above sea level)) habitats, but are less useful at distinguishing between animals pastured in lower to middle elevation settings.

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Section: The Osmore Drainage: Geographic and Ecological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic evidence for Middle Horizon to 16th century camelid herding in the Osmore Valley, Peru

Thornton

deFrance

Krigbaum

et al. 2011

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…Elsewhere, Zaro (2005aZaro ( , 2005b suggests that this stretch of coast may have experienced increasing aridity since Chiribaya. Spring systems like Wawakiki witnessed a reduction in land use along with increasingly shorter and steeper canals over the past half millennium, while similar incremental reductions in land use are reported for neighboring springs like Carrizal (Clement and Moseley 1991). Ultimately, historic aerial photographs indicate that farming had ceased at Wawakiki prior to 1951 and well before the construction of the SPCC smelter (Zaro 2007:Figure 3).…”

Section: The Tambo-ilo Coastmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…They draw upon archaeological and bioanthropological data sets generated principally from Ilo Valley populations to support their conclusions. Elsewhere, research centered on small coastal villages immediately north and south of Ilo has also provided glimpses of the complexity and variability of late prehispanic socioeconomic organization (Bawden 1989;Clement and Moseley 1991;Covey 2000;Miranda and Umire Alvarez 2007;Reycraft 1998;Satterlee 1993;Satterlee et al 2000; Umire Alvarez 1994Alvarez , 1996Zaro 2005bZaro , 2007Zaro and Umire Alvarez 2005). In particular, an emphasis on diversified economic strategies may have been the norm among intervalley coastal villages, while river valley populations may have favored the moderately specialized approach argued by others (i.e., Lozada and Buikstra 2002).…”

Section: The Chiribaya Señorío and The Peruvian South Coastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tierras Olvidadas: Chiribaya Landscape Engineering and Marginality in Southern Peru

Zaro¹,

Nystrom²,

Bar³

et al. 2010

Latin Am. antiq.

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The Peruvian south coast between the Tambo and Ilo rivers is a deserted wasteland. Yet tracts of abandoned farmland and expanses of desiccated lomas vegetation indicate that it was once vibrant and productive. Scattered habitations and cemeteries also indicate a pronounced resident Chiribaya population between A.D. 1200 and 1400. While river drainages of the western Andes and their canalized extensions are often treated as primary analytical units of study, our investigation of so-called peripheral intervalley regions points to a highly engineered and intensively managed landscape. When compared to the Ilo Valley, intervalley Chiribaya were organized into smaller communities and managed smaller spring-fed irrigation systems but were also heavily invested in adjacent maritime and lomas resource bases. Utilizing a mixed economic strategy, we argue, these intervalley populations were anything but marginal to the Chiribaya señorío of the Ilo region; rather, they were fully engaged in the social, political, and economic spheres of the late Intermediate period Peruvian south coast and formed a significant component of the Chiribaya cultural landscape. Our results hold implications for other similarly marginalized areas of the Andean coast, where distinct microenvironmental parameters and human ingenuity intersected to significantly transform the western Andes.

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“…En tiempos prehistóricos el cauce principal del río Ilo podría haber estado estacionalmente seco, con agua disponible sólo en el verano austral cuando las lluvias y nevadas en las zonas altas recargan el sistema. A pesar que el agua disponible en los manantiales costeros estuvo también relacionada con los patrones de precipitación en la sierra, un estudio de los patrones de descarga moderna indica que algunos manantiales generan agua a través de todo el año, mientras que otros son estacionalmente secos (Clement y Moseley 1991).…”

Section: Ubicación Del Sitio E Historia Del Medio Ambienteunclassified

Quebrada Tacahuay: Un Sitio Marítimo Del Pleistoceno Tardío en La Costa Sur Del Perú

deFrance¹,

Alvarez²

2004

Chungará (Arica)

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Presentamos un sumario de los trabajos arqueológicos realizados en la Quebrada Tacahuay, ubicada en el extremo sur de la costa peruana. Luego de una catastrófica inundación a consecuencia de un evento de El Niño que selló el primer nivel cultural fechado ca. 10.700 años a.p., se descubrieron reocupaciones menores del sitio, indicadas por desechos de moluscos acumulados en tres depósitos de poca profundidad. Eventos subsecuentes de inundaciones y depósitos geológicos de arena eólica sellaron los depósitos culturales. Tres temporadas de trabajo de campo han producido abundantes restos de subsistencia de la ocupación de 10.700 años a.p., instrumentos líticos, desechos de talla y rasgos relacionados con la preparación de alimentos, particularmente fogones. Estos contextos materiales indican una especialización en el procesamiento de aves marinas, principalmente cormoranes y piqueros, que fueron procesados, preparados y desechados. Otros tipos de restos de alimentos marinos incluyen huesos de pescado y conchas, que fueron también recolectados. No se ha encontrado evidencias de caza terrestre ni de la adquisición de material lítico de fuentes externas a la zona. El sitio provee datos sobre la antigüedad de las adaptaciones costeras de la región y el papel que jugó el fenómeno de El Niño en los asentamientos tempranos y colonización andina. Palabras claves: economía marítima, inundaciones de El Niño, aves marinas. We present a summary of the archaeological work that has been completed at Quebrada Tacahuay located on the far southern coast of Peru. Following a catastrophic El Niño flood event that sealed the earliest cultural layer dated to more than 10,700 years ago, there was minor reoccupation of the site as indicated by shellfish refuse and thin midden deposits. Subsequent flood events and geological deposits of aeolian sand sealed the cultural deposits. Three seasons of field work have produced abundant subsistence remains, lithic tools and debitage, and features related to food preparation, particularly hearths. These excavations indicate that the site was a specialized marine bird processing locale where large numbers of seabirds, primarily cormorants and boobies, were processed, prepared, and discarded. Some other marine foods including bony fishes and shellfish were also collected. There is no indication of terrestrial hunting nor of the acquisition of lithic material from non-local sources. The site provides data on the antiquity of coastal adaptations in the region and probable role of El Niño phenomena in early Andean colonization and settlement.

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The Spring-Fed Irrigation System of Carrizal, Peru: A Case Study of the Hypothesis of Agrarian Collapse

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Isotopic evidence for Middle Horizon to 16th century camelid herding in the Osmore Valley, Peru

Isotopic evidence for Middle Horizon to 16th century camelid herding in the Osmore Valley, Peru

Tierras Olvidadas: Chiribaya Landscape Engineering and Marginality in Southern Peru

Quebrada Tacahuay: Un Sitio Marítimo Del Pleistoceno Tardío en La Costa Sur Del Perú

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