The spring bloom of phaeocystis pouchetii (haptophyceae) in Dutch coastal waters

Veldhuis, Marcel J.W.; Colijn, F.; Venekamp, L.A.H.

doi:10.1016/0077-7579(86)90059-1

Cited by 127 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…in North Sea coastal waters (Fransz & Verhagen 1985, Veldhuis et al 1986. A recent review of North Sea phytoplankton does not support this hypothesis (Reid et al 1990), although it is clear that DSi is the nutrient limiting diatom growth during spring (Brockmann et al 1990), especially in eutrophic coastal waters .…”

Section: Increase Inmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modification of the biogeochemical cycle of silica with eutrophication

Dj¹,

Schelske²,

Stoermer³

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

428

218

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ABSTRACT-Nutrient enrichment and consequent alteration of nutrient biogeochernical cycles is a serious problem in both freshwater and marine systems. The response of aquatic systems to additions of N and P is generally to increase algal biomass. The partitioning of these nutrients into different functional groups of autotrophic organisms is dependent upon both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. A common response to nutrient loading in northern temperate aquatic ecosystems is an increase in diatom biomass. Because nutrient enrichment generally leads to increases in water column concentrations of total N and total P (and not Si) such nutrient loading can lead to transient nutrient limitation of diatom biomass due to lack of dissolved silicate (DSi). Increased production of diatom biomass can lead to an increased accumulation of biogenic silica in sediments, ultimately resulting in a decline in the water column reservoir of DSi. Such biogeochemical changes in the silica cycle induced by eutrophication were first reported for the North American Laurentian Great Lakes. However, these changes are not a regional problem confined to the Great Lakes, but occur in many freshwater and marine systems throughout the world. Here we summarize the effects of anthropogenic modification of silica biogeochemical cycles for the North American Laurentian Great Lakes, describe some of the biogeochemical changes occurring in other systems, and discuss some of the ecological implications of a reduction in water column DSi concentrations, including changes in species composition, as DSi concentrations become limiting to diatom growth and biomass, changes in food web dynamics, and altered nutnent-recycling processes.

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Section: Increase Inmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modification of the biogeochemical cycle of silica with eutrophication

Dj¹,

Schelske²,

Stoermer³

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

428

218

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“…We calculated mean water-column photosynthetically active radiation according to Peperzak (1993), assuming a mean depth of 18 m for the wellmixed coastal area under study. Because light attenuation coefficients are fairly variable, we used coefficients varying between 0.35 and 1 d -' (from Veldhuis et al 1986, Lancelot & Mathot 1987, Peperzak 1993. Until for the decline in Phaeocystis cells.…”

Section: Transition Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of grazing, sedimentation and phytoplankton cell lysis on the structure of a coastal pelagic food web

Brussaard¹,

Riegman²,

Noordeloos³

et al. 1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

211

146

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The influence of grazing, sedimentation and phytoplankton cell lysis on the dynamics of a coastal pelagic ecosystem in the Southern Bight of the North Sea was studied during spring/summer 1992. Diatoms in the > 8 pm size fraction dominated during early spring, due to size-differential control by microzooplankton. This diatom spring bloom became silicate depleted and declined by sedimentation. A Phaeocystis bloom developed in early summer. Phytoplankton cell lysis was the major loss factor for Phaeocystjs, accounting for 75% of the decline of the bloom. Bacterial production was positively correlated with phytoplankton cell lysis, and bacterial carbon demand could be supplied by cell lysis. This illustrates the importance of phytoplankton cell lysis in providing energy for the microbial loop. A new method (nicotine addit~on technique) was used to estimate mesozooplankton grazing on microzooplankton. h4esozooplankton appeared to prefer microzooplankton as a food source, though there occasionally was substantial grazing on phytoplankton. We conclude that grazing and sedimentation, as well as call lysis, are structuring mechanisms for algal bloom dynamics.

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“…At present six Phaeocystis species have been described (Zingone et al 1999) of which only three are reported to form blooms; P. globosa in temperate regions (English Channel, coastal North Sea, China), P. pouchetii in temperate to polar waters of the Northern hemisphere, and P. antarctica in (sub)polar waters of the southern hemisphere (Schoemann et al 2005). During blooms Phaeocystis may contribute over 90% to the total phytoplankton abundance and can be responsible for up to 65% of the local annual primary production (Joiris et al 1982;Veldhuis et al 1986b;Lancelot and Mathot 1987;Arrigo et al 1999). The high productivity associated with blooms and its ubiquity make Phaeocystis an important contributor to the global carbon cycle (Smith et al 1991;Arrigo et al 1999;DiTullio et al 2000;Schoemann et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbohydrates of Phaeocystis and their degradation in the microbial food web

2007

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The ubiquity and high productivity associated with blooms of colonial Phaeocystis makes it an important contributor to the global carbon cycle. During blooms organic matter that is rich in carbohydrates is produced. We distinguish five different pools of carbohydrates produced by Phaeocystis. Like all plants and algal cells, both solitary and colonial cells produce (1) structural carbohydrates, (hetero) polysaccharides that are mainly part of the cell wall, (2) mono-and oligosaccharides, which are present as intermediates in the synthesis and catabolism of cell components, and (3) intracellular storage glucan. Colonial cells of Phaeocystis excrete (4) mucopolysaccharides, heteropolysaccharides that are the main constituent of the mucous colony matrix and (5) dissolved organic matter (DOM) rich in carbohydrates, which is mainly excreted by colonial cells. In this review the characteristics of these pools are discussed and quantitative data are summarized. During the exponential growth phase, the ratio of carbohydrate-carbon (C) to particulate organic carbon (POC) is approximately 0.1. When nutrients are limited, Phaeocystis blooms reach a stationary growth phase, during which excess energy is stored as carbohydrates. This so-called overflow metabolism increases the ratio of carbohydrate-C to POC to 0.4-0.6 during the stationary phase, leading to an increase in the C/N and C/P ratios of Phaeocystis organic matter. Overflow metabolism can be channeled towards both glucan and mucopolysaccharides. Summarizing the available data reveals that during the stationary phase of a bloom glucan contributes 0-51% to POC, whereas mucopolysaccharides contribute 5-60%. At the end of a bloom, lysis of Phaeocystis cells and deterioration of colonies leads to a massive release of DOM rich in glucan and mucopolysaccharides. Laboratory studies have revealed that this organic matter is potentially readily degradable by heterotrophic bacteria. However, observations in the field of accumulation of DOM and foam indicate that microbial degradation is hampered. The high C/N and C/P ratios of Phaeocystis organic matter may lead to nutrient limitation of microbial degradation, thereby prolonging degradation times. Over time polysaccharides tend to self-assemble into hydrogels. This may have a profound effect on carbon cycling, since hydrogels provide a vehicle to move DOM up the size spectrum to sizes subject to sedimentation. In

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The spring bloom of phaeocystis pouchetii (haptophyceae) in Dutch coastal waters

Cited by 127 publications

References 28 publications

Modification of the biogeochemical cycle of silica with eutrophication

Modification of the biogeochemical cycle of silica with eutrophication

Effects of grazing, sedimentation and phytoplankton cell lysis on the structure of a coastal pelagic food web

The carbohydrates of Phaeocystis and their degradation in the microbial food web

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