2010
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001164
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The Spread of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus from the Middle East to the World

Abstract: The ongoing global spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; Genus Begomovirus, Family Geminiviridae) represents a serious looming threat to tomato production in all temperate parts of the world. Whereas determining where and when TYLCV movements have occurred could help curtail its spread and prevent future movements of related viruses, determining the consequences of past TYLCV movements could reveal the ecological and economic risks associated with similar viral invasions. Towards this end we applied … Show more

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Cited by 269 publications
(217 citation statements)
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“…TYLCV, one of the world's most devastating pathogens of tomato, is considered to have spread from the Middle East or the Eastern Mediterranean to the world since the 1980s, and the dissemination process is probably still ongoing (47,48). The global invasion of MEAM1 and MED whitefly together with the movement of infected plant material are believed to be the two main factors that are attributed to the rapid spread of TYLCV worldwide (49,50).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…TYLCV, one of the world's most devastating pathogens of tomato, is considered to have spread from the Middle East or the Eastern Mediterranean to the world since the 1980s, and the dissemination process is probably still ongoing (47,48). The global invasion of MEAM1 and MED whitefly together with the movement of infected plant material are believed to be the two main factors that are attributed to the rapid spread of TYLCV worldwide (49,50).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is also possible that TYLCV was introduced to the Northern provinces by the exchanges of TYLCV-infected seedlings, plant materials or by viruliferous whiteflies from infected countries in the Middle East region to the southern regions of Iran (Navas-Castillo et al, 1999;Kim et al, 2011). It has been recently elucidated that Mediterranean basin and Middle East are the main launch-pad of global TYLCV movements (Lefeuvre et al, 2010). Results also showed that the occurrence of TYLCV in central regions of the country, pointing to the distribution of this virus through the country, which may expand to the northern regions, where numerous kinds of host are available for the virus as the potential infection sources.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These begomoviruses are transmitted in a circulative non-propagative and persistent manner by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), considered the main driver of the emergence of TYLCV [4,13]. Since the first description of the disease in the late 1920s in the Jordan Valley [14], several strains and variants have been described, and at least two of them (TYLCV-Mld and TYLCV-IL) overlap in their worldwide distribution [12,15]. TYLCV-Mld was first reported in 1997 as the causal agent of outbreaks of TYLCD on tomato crops in Réunion Island [16], an island located 700 km off the coast of Madagascar.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%