The spread of non-OIE-listed avian diseases through international trade of chicken meat: an assessment of the risks to New Zealand

Abstract

Twelve avian diseases are listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), although more than 100 infectious diseases have been described in commercial poultry. This article summarises a recent assessment of the biosecurity risks posed by non-listed avian diseases associated with imports of chilled or frozen chicken meat and meat products into New Zealand. Following the guidelines described in Chapter 2.1 of the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code, avian adenovirus splenomegaly virus, avian paramyxovirus-2 (APMV-2), Bordetella avium, Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma spp., Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Riemerella anatipestifer, and Salmonella arizonae have been identified as hazards. However, of all the non-listed avian diseases discussed here, only APMV-2 and S. arizonae are assessed as being risks associated with the commercial import of chicken meat into New Zealand. Specific control measures may have to be implemented to mitigate such risks. This conclusion is likely to reflect both the high-health status of New Zealand poultry and the threat posed by these infectious agents to New Zealand's unique population of native psittacine species.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: An Update Review about An Emerging Poultry Pathogen

“…Vertical transmission is still unclear, but probable [12]. According to the World Organization for Animal Health-OIE [13] (Section 2: Terrestrial Animal Health Code), ORT is a threatening, but not zoonotic microorganism [14][15][16].…”

Haemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys – current knowledge

“…The intestinal lesions are more distinct at duodenal part and extended towards caecum in severe cases. Enlarged spleen with marbled or mottled appearance is a characteristic lesion of HE (Saif 1998;Pierson & Fitzgerald 2013;Cobb & Smith 2015). There may be congestion in lungs while other organs are often found pale.…”

Immunogenicity of live phoP gene deletion strain of Riemerella anatipestifer serotype 1

“…Duck infectious serositis was first reported in Long Island, New York in 1932 and subsequently spread throughout Australia, the United Kingdom, the former Soviet Union, and other countries ( Hendrickson and Hilbert, 1932 ). Currently, duck infectious serositis occurs worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates, and causes considerable economic losses to the duck industry ( Cobb and Smith, 2015 ; Fernandez et al, 2016 ). Because long-term dependence on antibiotics may lead to drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria and drug residues in meat products ( Gao et al, 2014 ; Tang et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2020 ), the development and application of safe and efficient vaccines are needed to prevent and control this infectious disease ( Kang et al, 2018 ).…”