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The findings showed that weather conditions have a decisive influence on the intensity of bee colonies development and the yield of marketable honey. The study was conducted in the apiary located in the Kaluga region. Ecological conditions in the productive summer zone of bees are assessed as favorable. All bee colonies in the apiary were representatives of the Carpathian breed recommended for breeding in the Kaluga region. The data obtained for two adjacent seasons (2021 and 2022) indicate that the honey harvest conditions of 2022 were much more favorable compared to the previous year in terms of temperature and precipitation. Despite a significant difference in minimum and maximum temperatures during the day, there were no sharp temperature fluctuations during the spring-summer period of 2022, precipitation was frequent, but short-lived. On average, there were only 2 days of precipitation between March and August 2021. During the honey harvest period, there was prolonged dry weather, which had a negative impact on nectar production by plants, the development of bee families, and their productivity. Bee colonies developed more intensively in the spring of 2022; one month after the spring inspection, bee family strength averaged 9.27 beeways, an increase of 0.57 beeways over the previous year. At the end of the season, the total number of the apiary’s bee colonies increased by 11.7 %. The yield of marketable honey for the 2022 season reached 990 kg, which is 2.3 times higher than in 2021. There was 2.2 times more marketable honey received per bee family. The value of marketable products of the apiary increased by 2.35 times.
The findings showed that weather conditions have a decisive influence on the intensity of bee colonies development and the yield of marketable honey. The study was conducted in the apiary located in the Kaluga region. Ecological conditions in the productive summer zone of bees are assessed as favorable. All bee colonies in the apiary were representatives of the Carpathian breed recommended for breeding in the Kaluga region. The data obtained for two adjacent seasons (2021 and 2022) indicate that the honey harvest conditions of 2022 were much more favorable compared to the previous year in terms of temperature and precipitation. Despite a significant difference in minimum and maximum temperatures during the day, there were no sharp temperature fluctuations during the spring-summer period of 2022, precipitation was frequent, but short-lived. On average, there were only 2 days of precipitation between March and August 2021. During the honey harvest period, there was prolonged dry weather, which had a negative impact on nectar production by plants, the development of bee families, and their productivity. Bee colonies developed more intensively in the spring of 2022; one month after the spring inspection, bee family strength averaged 9.27 beeways, an increase of 0.57 beeways over the previous year. At the end of the season, the total number of the apiary’s bee colonies increased by 11.7 %. The yield of marketable honey for the 2022 season reached 990 kg, which is 2.3 times higher than in 2021. There was 2.2 times more marketable honey received per bee family. The value of marketable products of the apiary increased by 2.35 times.
Abstract. The purpose is to determine the influence of a phytocomposition with antioxidant properties on the economically useful indicators of bees of the Central Russian breed. Methods of the research. The scientific and production experiment was carried out in a stationary apiary in the Malopurginskiy district of the Udmurt Republic. The object of the study was honey bees of the Central Russian breed. Experimental tests on the use of the herbal medicine were carried out on the basis of generally accepted zootechnical methods in beekeeping. The scientific novelty. In the natural and climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic, in a stationary apiary, for the first time, studies were carried out to test a biological product as part of a carbohydrate supplement on bees of the Central Russian breed and its effectiveness of use was determined. A stimulating liquid feed additive for bees is developed on the basis of a standard water-insoluble antioxidant dihydroquercetin, a polysaccharide arabinogalactan and rosehip decoction. The bioavailability of dihydroquercetin is achieved through its extraction, followed by evaporation of the alcohol and mixing with arabinogalactan, a good deliverer of sparingly soluble molecules. The positive effect of the antioxidant drug on the bee biosystem is enhanced by rosehip nutrients. Results. The experimental group that received the organic supplement exceeded the control group in terms of egg-laying intensity by an average of 27.6 % (1194 eggs). The lag in the development of families in the control group was reflected in honey productivity: the amount of gross honey harvest was 29.0 kg, which is 38.6 % lower than the same value for experienced families. Flower honey obtained in the experimental group was distinguished by high enzymatic activity and a higher content of invert sugars in the form of fructose and glucose: 10.65 units. Gothe and 96.28 %, respectively, against the control values of 8.30 units. Gothe and 78.10 %. In terms of the amount of profit received from the sale of products, the experimental group exceeded the control families by 3.507 rubles, which also affected production efficiency: the profitability level was 37.7 % against the control families – 0.65 %. Thus, the spring feeding of bees with a supplement enriched with a biocomposition contributed to the achievement of a biological optimum in the strength of the colonies before the main honey harvest, which affected their productivity.
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