The Sprawling Planet: Simplifying the Measurement of Global Urbanization Trends

Gerten, Christian; Fina, Stefan; Rusche, Karsten

doi:10.3389/fenvs.2019.00140

Cited by 85 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is advisable to promote compact policies and strategies that establish and allow further construction in suitable places, rather than a liberal, laissez-faire approach. This can lead to construction, regardless of the environmental impact and resource efficiency [13].…”

Section: Suburbanisation-possible Solutions and Challenges For The Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very often, urban edges tend to be degraded due to strong development dynamics and territorial demands [12]. Suburbanisation is currently affecting almost all parts of the world, with problems, but the spatial structures and intensity of this process are different [13]. Europe is suitable for observing the different developments of suburbanisation, as there are states that can be described as traditionally capitalist, where suburbanisation has been going on for a long time [14][15][16], and postsocialist states, where suburbanisation began as a result of socio-political changes around the year 1990 [5,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Suburbanisation on Sustainable Development of Settlements in Suburban Spaces: Smart and New Solutions

2019

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The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of suburbanisation on the development of settlements with an emphasis on environmental aspects that need to be addressed in the process of extensive growth of municipalities in suburban regions. In the theoretical part, the article evaluates the processes of suburbanisation and their environmental impact. On a methodological level, municipalities in the suburban zone were first defined on the basis of driving distances. These municipalities were subjected to an analysis of the intensity of residential suburbanisation by calculating a multicriteria indicator from five selected criteria. In the second part of the analysis, a questionnaire survey of mayors was carried out in the particular municipalities. The responses were evaluated using the Likert scale method, and then statistically significant dependencies were sought among individual phenomena and environmental problems which need to be solved by the municipal management due to the growth of municipalities. It was found that the mayors consider changes in the landscape character to be among the most significant impacts of suburbanisation in the territory. A change in the rural character of municipalities because of the construction of urban-type houses is perceived as being very problematic. Another serious problem is the insufficient capacity of technical infrastructure such as sewerage and waste-water treatment. The costs of ensuring the quality of the environment and of public spaces, which are, in many cases, beyond the economic possibilities of municipalities, are also increasing significantly. The article also includes specifications of selected smart solutions and procedures that can help preserve the quality of the environment.

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Section: Suburbanisation-possible Solutions and Challenges For The Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Suburbanisation on Sustainable Development of Settlements in Suburban Spaces: Smart and New Solutions

2019

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“…Over the last few decades, many studies have focused on the ongoing global trend of relatively fast and steady urbanization [1][2][3][4][5]. Sustainable and healthy urban environments are increasingly important for human well-being, including human health, ecosystems, climate, and visibility [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Importance of Some East Asian Tree Species for Refinement of Air Quality by Estimating Air Pollution Tolerance Index, Anticipated Performance Index, and Air Pollutant Uptake

et al. 2020

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Potentials of tree species as biofilters depend on appropriate selection based on their tolerance to air pollution, which is usually evaluated by the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API). Thus, these index values need as a means of scientific understanding to assess the role of urban trees for better greenspace planning/management to mitigate impacts of gaseous air pollution such as ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). O3 exposure to Chionanthus retusus, Pinus densiflora, and Ginkgo biloba showed higher stomatal O3 flux than the others, finally resulting in both favoring stomatal movement and maintaining carbon fixation. In contrast, despite the whole tree enhanced SO2 uptake under excess SO2 exposure, the carbon assimilation capacity was only found in Taxus cuspidata and Zelkova serrata as a consequence of no stomatal sluggishness. On the basis of API, P. densiflora and Prunus × yedoensis were good performers for developing greenspace, while Z. serrata and G. biloba were moderate performers; however, C. retusus and T. cuspidata were estimated to be poor and very poor performers, respectively, for reducing the air quality injury caused by air pollutants. The present study suggests that an integration of both APTI and API based on stomatal absorption flux is needed for selecting sound tree-species in greenspace planning/construction to control gaseous air pollutions.

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“…Urbanization is described as a complex socio-economic, environmental, and societal process, which transforms the built environment through the conversion of rural settlements into urban settlements [11]. Besides the economic and infrastructure development, the urbanization process is perceived as a megatrend of LULC [12]. As reported in the 2018 revision of the World Urbanization Prospects of the United Nations, more than half (55%) of the world's population lived in urban areas as of 2018, against 30% of the urban population in 1950 [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reported in the 2018 revision of the World Urbanization Prospects of the United Nations, more than half (55%) of the world's population lived in urban areas as of 2018, against 30% of the urban population in 1950 [11]. It was projected that by 2050, more than 68% of the global population will be urban, where the larger portion of the population will be concentrated in Africa (1.2 billion) and Asia (3.3 billion) [11,12]. In low-and middle-income countries, where the rate of urbanization is faster than infrastructure development and spatial land-use planning, challenges with water systems, waste management, sanitation, and hygiene will likely be aggravated [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Land-Use Dynamics and Surface Water Systems Interactions on Water-Related Infectious Diseases—A Systematic Review

Ntajal

Falkenberg

Kistemann

et al. 2020

Water

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Human interactions with surface water systems, through land-use dynamics, can influence the transmission of infectious water-related diseases. As a result, the aim of our study was to explore and examine the state of scientific evidence on the influences of these interactions on water-related infectious disease outcomes from a global perspective. A systematic review was conducted, using 54 peer-reviewed research articles published between 1995 and August 2019. The study revealed that there has been an increase in the number of publications since 2009; however, few of these publications (n = 6) made explicit linkages to the topic. It was found that urban and agricultural land-use changes had relatively high adverse impacts on water quality, due to high concentrations of fecal matter, heavy metals, and nutrients in surface water systems. Water systems were found as the common “vehicle” for infectious disease transmission, which in turn had linkages to sanitation and hygiene conditions. The study found explicit linkages between human–surface water interaction patterns and the transmission of water-based disease. However, weak and complex linkages were found between land-use change and the transmission of water-borne disease, due to multiple pathways and the dynamics of the other determinants of the disease. Therefore, further research studies, using interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to investigate and enhance a deeper understanding of these complexities and linkages among land use, surface water quality, and water-related infectious diseases, is crucial in developing integrated measures for sustainable water quality monitoring and diseases prevention.

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The Sprawling Planet: Simplifying the Measurement of Global Urbanization Trends

Cited by 85 publications

References 31 publications

Impact of Suburbanisation on Sustainable Development of Settlements in Suburban Spaces: Smart and New Solutions

Impact of Suburbanisation on Sustainable Development of Settlements in Suburban Spaces: Smart and New Solutions

Evaluation of the Importance of Some East Asian Tree Species for Refinement of Air Quality by Estimating Air Pollution Tolerance Index, Anticipated Performance Index, and Air Pollutant Uptake

Influences of Land-Use Dynamics and Surface Water Systems Interactions on Water-Related Infectious Diseases—A Systematic Review

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