The spore surface of intestinal isolates of<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Širec, Teja; Cangiano, Giuseppina; Baccigalupi, Loredana; Ricca, Ezio; Isticato, Rachele

doi:10.1111/1574-6968.12538

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Altogether, our data show that B. subtilis can safely deliver heterologous peptides to the intestine of dogs so that they may subsequently mount an immune response. Interestingly, and in line with our results, the biofilm formation ability of B. subtilis strains isolated from the intestinal microflora has also been described in species as diverse as the grass carp (38) and humans (39,40). It has been suggested that the biofilm-forming properties of B. subtilis strains are relevant for the growth and formation of biofilms in the intestine (32,40).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Oral Application of Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores to Dogs Results in a Humoral Response against Specific Echinococcus granulosus Paramyosin and Tropomyosin Antigens

et al. 2018

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Bacillus subtilis is known as an endospore-and biofilm-forming bacterium with probiotic properties. We have recently developed a method for displaying heterologous proteins on the surface of B. subtilis biofilms by introducing the coding sequences of the protein of interest into the bacterial genome to generate a fusion protein linked to the C-terminus of the biofilm matrix protein TasA. Although B. subtilis is a regular component of the gut microflora, we constructed a series of recombinant B. subtilis strains that were tested for their ability to immunize dogs following oral application of the spores. Specifically, we tested recombinant spores of B. subtilis carrying either the fluorescent protein mCherry or else selected antigenic peptides (tropomyosin and paramyosin) from Echinococcus granulosus, a zoonotic intestinal tapeworm of dogs and other carnivores. The application of the recombinant B. subtilis spores led to the colonization of the gut with recombinant B. subtilis but did not cause any adverse effect on the health of the animals. As measured by ELISA and immunoblot, the dogs were able to develop a humoral immune response against mCherry as well as against E. granulosus antigenic peptides. Interestingly, the sera of dogs obtained from immunization with recombinant spores of E. granulosus peptides were able to recognize E. granulosus protoscoleces, which represent the infective form of the head of the tapeworms. These results represent an essential step towards the establishment of B. subtilis as an enteric vaccine agent. The application of the recombinant B. subtilis spores led to the colonization of the gut 32 with recombinant B. subtilis but did not cause any adverse effect on the health of the 33 animals. As measured by ELISA and immunoblot, the dogs were able to develop a 34 humoral immune response against mCherry as well as against E. granulosus antigenic 35 peptides. Interestingly, the sera of dogs obtained from immunization with recombinant 36 spores of E. granulosus peptides were able to recognize E. granulosus protoscoleces, 37 which represent the infective form of the head of the tapeworms. These results represent 38 an essential step towards the establishment of B. subtilis as an enteric vaccine agent. 39 40

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Oral Application of Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores to Dogs Results in a Humoral Response against Specific Echinococcus granulosus Paramyosin and Tropomyosin Antigens

et al. 2018

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“…Spores contain significantly more proteins and appendages on their surface (e.g. proteinaceous coat, exosporium) compared to vegetative cells (Sirec et al 2014). It seems that both vegetative cells and spores may have adhesion abilities, but at different levels, thus the probiotic mechanism may be dependant on the life cycle of the Bacillus strain in the intestine.…”

Section: Competition For Ecological Nichesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of the gastrointestinal life cycle of Bacillus for probiotic functionality

et al. 2017

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spp. are widely used in animal production for their probiotic properties. In many animal species, feed supplementation with specific strains can provide numerous benefits including improvement in digestibility, the gut microbiota and immune modulation, and growth performance. Bacilli are fed to animals as spores that can sustain the harsh feed processing and long storage. However, the spores are metabolically quiescent and it is widely accepted that probiotics should be in a metabolically active state to perform certain probiotic functions like secretion of antimicrobial compounds and enzymes, synthesis of short chain fatty acids, and competition for essential nutrients. These functions should become active in the host gastrointestinal tract (GIT) soon after digestion of spores in order to contribute to microbiota and host metabolism. Considering that bacterial spores are metabolically dormant and many health benefits are provided by vegetative cells, it is of particular interest to discuss the life cycle of in animal GIT. This review aims to capture the main characteristics of spores and vegetative cells and to discuss the latest knowledge in the life cycle of beneficial in various intestinal environments. Furthermore, we review how the life cycle may influence probiotic functions of and their benefits for human and animal health.

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“…Bacillus is a very broad genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria which can be pathogenic [118,119]. Bacillus species are ubiquitous, found in soil and the healthy flora of many organisms, including animals and plants [120]. Pathogenic Bacillus species include B. anthracis [119] (anthrax) and B. cereus [118,121].…”

Section: Bacillus Phage Pbs1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellotropic Bacteriophages: Opportunities and Challenges for Antimicrobial Applications

Esteves

Scharf

2022

IJMS

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Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere. As viruses that solely infect bacteria, phages have myriad healthcare and agricultural applications including phage therapy and antibacterial treatments in the foodservice industry. Phage therapy has been explored since the turn of the twentieth century but was no longer prioritized following the invention of antibiotics. As we approach a post-antibiotic society, phage therapy research has experienced a significant resurgence for the use of phages against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a growing concern in modern medicine. Phages are extraordinarily diverse, as are their host receptor targets. Flagellotropic (flagellum-dependent) phages begin their infection cycle by attaching to the flagellum of their motile host, although the later stages of the infection process of most of these phages remain elusive. Flagella are helical appendages required for swimming and swarming motility and are also of great importance for virulence in many pathogenic bacteria of clinical relevance. Not only is bacterial motility itself frequently important for virulence, as it allows pathogenic bacteria to move toward their host and find nutrients more effectively, but flagella can also serve additional functions including mediating bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Flagella are also a potent antigen recognized by the human immune system. Phages utilizing the flagellum for infections are of particular interest due to the unique evolutionary tradeoff they force upon their hosts: by downregulating or abolishing motility to escape infection by a flagellotropic phage, a pathogenic bacterium would also likely attenuate its virulence. This factor may lead to flagellotropic phages becoming especially potent antibacterial agents. This review outlines past, present, and future research of flagellotropic phages, including their molecular mechanisms of infection and potential future applications.

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The spore surface of intestinal isolates ofBacillus subtilis

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Oral Application of Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores to Dogs Results in a Humoral Response against Specific Echinococcus granulosus Paramyosin and Tropomyosin Antigens

Oral Application of Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores to Dogs Results in a Humoral Response against Specific Echinococcus granulosus Paramyosin and Tropomyosin Antigens

Importance of the gastrointestinal life cycle of Bacillus for probiotic functionality

Flagellotropic Bacteriophages: Opportunities and Challenges for Antimicrobial Applications

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