The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Rat: An Animal Model of Nonobese Type 2 Diabetes with Severe Diabetic Complications

Sasase, Tomohiko; Ohta, Takeshi; Masuyama, Taku; Yokoi, Norihide; Kakehashi, Akihiro; Shinohara, Masami

doi:10.1155/2013/976209

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The SDT rat strain is a new model for non-obese type 2 diabetes with impaired insulin secretion and subsequent diabetic complications (Shinohara et al 2000, Ohta et al 2007, Sasase et al 2013. As SDT rats develop diabetic complications that reflect human type 2 diabetes, they are increasingly regarded as a suitable model for preclinical drug efficacy studies of diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated image analysis of a glomerular injury marker desmin in spontaneously diabetic Torii rats treated with losartan

Kakimoto¹,

Okada²,

Hirohashi³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication in diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Glomerular podocytes are functionally and structurally injured early in diabetic nephropathy. A non-obese type 2 diabetes model, the spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) rat, is of increasing preclinical interest because of its pathophysiological similarities to human type 2 diabetic complications including diabetic nephropathy. However, podocyte injury in SDT rat glomeruli and the effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment in the early stage have not been reported in detail. Therefore, we have evaluated early stages of glomerular podocyte damage and the beneficial effect of early treatment with losartan in SDT rats using desmin as a sensitive podocyte injury marker. Moreover, we have developed an automated, computational glomerulus recognition method and illustrated its specific application for quantitatively studying glomerular desmin immunoreactivity. This state-ofthe-art method enabled automatic recognition and quantification of glomerular desminpositive areas, eliminating the need to laboriously trace glomerulus borders by hand. The image analysis method not only enabled assessment of a large number of glomeruli, but also clearly demonstrated that glomerular injury was more severe in the juxtamedullary region than in the superficial cortex region. This applied not only in SDT rat diabetic nephropathy but also in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephropathy, which was also studied. The proposed glomerulus image analysis method combined with desmin immunohistochemistry should facilitate evaluations in preclinical drug efficacy studies as well as elucidation of the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, many diabetic animal models have been used to elucidate the mechanisms of pathogenesis and complications in diabetes. The spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) rat is of increasing preclinical interest, because of its pathophysiological similarities to human type 2 diabetic complications (Sasase et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated image analysis of a glomerular injury marker desmin in spontaneously diabetic Torii rats treated with losartan

Kakimoto¹,

Okada²,

Hirohashi³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The SDT rat is an inbred strain of Sprague-Dawley rat that has been established as a nonobese model of type 2 diabetes (Sasase et al, 2013). Male SDT rats show high plasma glucose levels by 20 weeks of age with pancreatic islet histopathology.…”

Section: Rodent Models Of Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male SDT rats show high plasma glucose levels by 20 weeks of age with pancreatic islet histopathology. Prior to the onset of diabetes, glucose intolerance with hypoinsulinemia is observed (Sasase et al, 2013). SDT rats develop profound complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy (Sasase et al, 2013).…”

Section: Rodent Models Of Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to the onset of diabetes, glucose intolerance with hypoinsulinemia is observed (Sasase et al, 2013). SDT rats develop profound complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy (Sasase et al, 2013). However, another group has reported that the time of onset of glucosuria is different between male and female SDT rats with male rats demonstrating a 100% incidence of diabetes at 40 weeks of age, while it is only 33% for female rats (Shinohara et al, 2000).…”

Section: Rodent Models Of Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternatives to the Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rodent

Yorek

2016

International Review of Neurobiology

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The study of diabetic neuropathy has relied primarily on the use of streptozotocin-treated rat and mouse models of type 1 diabetes. This chapter will review the creation and use of other rodent models that have been developed in order to investigate the contribution of factors besides insulin deficiency to the development and progression of diabetic neuropathy as it occurs in obesity, type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a complex disorder with multiple mechanisms contributing to its development and progression. Even though many animal models have been developed and investigated, no single model can mimic diabetic peripheral neuropathy as it occurs in humans. Nonetheless, animal models can play an important role in improving our understanding of the etiology of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in performing preclinical screening of potential new treatments. To date treatments found to be effective for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rodent models have failed in clinical trials. However, with the identification of new endpoints for the early detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and the understanding that a successful treatment may require a combination therapeutic approach there is hope that an effective treatment will be found.

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Progress in experimental models to investigate the in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic activity of drugs

Janapati,

Junapudi

2024

Anim Models and Exp Med

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders, and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, a condition involving a high blood glucose level brought on by deficiencies in insulin secretion, decreased activity of insulin, or both. Prolonged effects of diabetes include cardiovascular problems, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and vascular alterations in both macro‐ and micro‐blood vessels. In vivo and in vitro models have always been important for investigating and characterizing disease pathogenesis, identifying targets, and reviewing novel treatment options and medications. Fully understanding these models is crucial for the researchers so this review summarizes the different experimental in vivo and in vitro model options used to study diabetes and its consequences. The most popular in vivo studies involves the small animal models, such as rodent models, chemically induced diabetogens like streptozotocin and alloxan, and the possibility of deleting or overexpressing a specific gene by knockout and transgenic technologies on these animals. Other models include virally induced models, diet/nutrition induced diabetic animals, surgically induced models or pancreatectomy models, and non‐obese models. Large animals or non‐rodent models like porcine (pig), canine (dog), nonhuman primate, and Zebrafish models are also outlined. The in vitro models discussed are murine and human beta‐cell lines and pancreatic islets, human stem cells, and organoid cultures. The other enzymatic in vitro tests to assess diabetes include assay of amylase inhibition and inhibition of α‐glucosidase activity.

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The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Rat: An Animal Model of Nonobese Type 2 Diabetes with Severe Diabetic Complications

Cited by 31 publications

References 64 publications

Automated image analysis of a glomerular injury marker desmin in spontaneously diabetic Torii rats treated with losartan

Automated image analysis of a glomerular injury marker desmin in spontaneously diabetic Torii rats treated with losartan

Alternatives to the Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rodent

Progress in experimental models to investigate the in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic activity of drugs

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