The Spontaneous Variation of Catheter Life in Long-Stay Geriatric Inpatients with Indwelling Catheters

Abstract

The spontaneous variation of catheter life, i.e. the time in days between catheter changes, was observed in 20 long-stay geriatric inpatients with initially short catheter lives. The study ran for 6 months. The catheter regimen was standardized throughout the study. The intra-individual and inter-individual catheter lives showed considerable variation. Each patient retained his individual pattern of catheter life. It is concluded that, despite the variation of isolated catheter lives, the median value of repeated observations of catheter life provides a reliable parameter of catheter function.

The Broadband Optical Properties of Galaxies with Redshifts 0.02 < z < 0.22

“…At lower luminosities, the local density starts to increase again, which is potentially related to the existence of dwarf spheroidal galaxies in clusters. This result agrees with results from the CfA (Hamilton 1988), the Optical Redshift Survey (Hermit et al 1996), as well as the recent results of Zehavi et al (2002) in the SDSS and Norberg et al (2002) in the 2dFGRS on the dependence of the correlation function amplitude on galaxy luminosity. It turns out that the dependence on luminosity is not independent of galaxy color; in fact, the interrelationship of density, color, and luminosity appears complex, as Hogg et al (2003) demonstrates.…”

The Baryon Content of Extremely Low Mass Dwarf Galaxies

“…While red galaxies only exist near luminous neighbors, the colors of the blue-sequence galaxies do not depend on distance to the nearest neighbor. This result is similar to the relationship between color and environment, or morphology and environment, seen in more luminous galaxies (e.g., in Hubble 1936;Oemler 1974;Norberg et al 2002;Blanton et al 2005a) and the dwarf galaxy population of the Local Group (Grebel et al 2003). We conclude that while internal processes The median birthrate timescale for this dwarf sample is 15 Gyr (black arrow).…”

Relationship between Environment and the Broadband Optical Properties of Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

“…These works all find that earlier type (elliptical) galaxies are more strongly clustered than later type (spiral) galaxies. Another approach is to consider clustering as a function of more objective (although not necessarily more relevant) quantities such as spectral type (Norberg et al 2002), photometric color, surface brightness, luminosity, or profile shape (e.g., Hashimoto & Oemler 1999;Zehavi et al 2002). Since all the properties mentioned above (morphology, spectroscopic properties, and photometric properties) are highly correlated, it is not surprising that clustering is a function of all of them.…”

“…The question naturally arises as to which properties are correlated with environment independently of the others. Norberg et al (2002), Zehavi et al (2002), Budavari et al (2003), and Hogg et al (2003) have begun this process by measuring the clustering of galaxies as a function of luminosity and other properties jointly.…”