The Spitzenkörper: a choreographer of fungal growth and morphogenesis

Riquelme, Meritxell; Sánchez‐León, Eddy

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.04.003

Cited by 91 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The most prominent characteristic of the apex in mature hyphae of N. crassa is the Spitzenkörper (Spk), a conspicuous accumulation of vesicles, ribosomes, actin microfilaments, and amorphous material of undefined nature 19 . During the early stages of development, no Spk can be perceived at the germling apex 20 and this is most likely because of the insufficient number of tip-directed secretory vesicles 21 .…”

Section: Hyphal Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphal ontogeny in Neurospora crassa: a model organism for all seasons

Riquelme

Martínez‐Núñez

2016

F1000Res

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Filamentous fungi have proven to be a better-suited model system than unicellular yeasts in analyses of cellular processes such as polarized growth, exocytosis, endocytosis, and cytoskeleton-based organelle traffic. For example, the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa develops a variety of cellular forms. Studying the molecular basis of these forms has led to a better, yet incipient, understanding of polarized growth. Polarity factors as well as Rho GTPases, septins, and a localized delivery of vesicles are the central elements described so far that participate in the shift from isotropic to polarized growth. The growth of the cell wall by apical biosynthesis and remodeling of polysaccharide components is a key process in hyphal morphogenesis. The coordinated action of motor proteins and Rab GTPases mediates the vesicular journey along the hyphae toward the apex, where the exocyst mediates vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. Cytoplasmic microtubules and actin microfilaments serve as tracks for the transport of vesicular carriers as well as organelles in the tubular cell, contributing to polarization. In addition to exocytosis, endocytosis is required to set and maintain the apical polarity of the cell. Here, we summarize some of the most recent breakthroughs in hyphal morphogenesis and apical growth in N. crassa and the emerging questions that we believe should be addressed.

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Section: Hyphal Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphal ontogeny in Neurospora crassa: a model organism for all seasons

Riquelme

Martínez‐Núñez

2016

F1000Res

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“…Vesicles connect the cellular membrane systems, such as the ER, Golgi, and plasma membrane (50). It has been proposed that in filamentous fungi vesicles are transported over longer distances during polar growth to support, for example, active secretion at the hyphal tip (75,86). A link between vesicle and mRNA transport was discovered in S. cerevisiae during studies of the small GTPase Arf1p, which is required for the formation of COPI-coated vesicles during secretion (87).…”

Section: Cotransport Of Mrna and Secretory Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To accomplish the demanding task of rapid cellular expansion, the hyphal growth apex has adopted a highly organized structure. A characteristic component particularly in fast growing hyphae is the Spitzenkörper, a defined subcellular accumulation of micro-and macrovesicles that is thought to function as a vesicle supply center for ordered secretion at the growing pole (75). The extensive fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane is mediated by an eight-membered core complex called the exocyst (20,86).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane-Coupled mRNA Trafficking in Fungi

Haag

Steuten

Feldbrügge

2015

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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Intracellular logistics are essential for delivery of newly synthesized material during polar growth of fungal hyphae. Proteins and lipids are actively transported throughout the cell by motor-dependent movement of small vesicles or larger units such as endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. A remarkably tight link is emerging between active membrane trafficking and mRNA transport, a process that determines the precise subcellular localization of translation products within the cell. Here, we report on recent insights into the mechanism and biological role of these intricate cotransport processes in fungal models such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, and Ustilago maydis. In the latter, we focus on the new finding of endosomal mRNA transport and its implications for protein targeting, complex assembly, and septin biology.

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“…In the latter, microtubule-dependent transport supports apical tip growth and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. This process is streamlined for efficiency and defects in transport result in impaired polar growth and reduced fitness (Peñalva et al, 2012; Riquelme and Sánchez-León, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A FYVE zinc finger domain protein specifically links mRNA transport to endosome trafficking

Pohlmann

Baumann

Haag

et al. 2015

eLife

157

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An emerging theme in cellular logistics is the close connection between mRNA and membrane trafficking. A prominent example is the microtubule-dependent transport of mRNAs and associated ribosomes on endosomes. This coordinated process is crucial for correct septin filamentation and efficient growth of polarised cells, such as fungal hyphae. Despite detailed knowledge on the key RNA-binding protein and the molecular motors involved, it is unclear how mRNAs are connected to membranes during transport. Here, we identify a novel factor containing a FYVE zinc finger domain for interaction with endosomal lipids and a new PAM2-like domain required for interaction with the MLLE domain of the key RNA-binding protein. Consistently, loss of this FYVE domain protein leads to specific defects in mRNA, ribosome, and septin transport without affecting general functions of endosomes or their movement. Hence, this is the first endosomal component specific for mRNP trafficking uncovering a new mechanism to couple mRNPs to endosomes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06041.001

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The Spitzenkörper: a choreographer of fungal growth and morphogenesis

Cited by 91 publications

References 63 publications

Hyphal ontogeny in Neurospora crassa: a model organism for all seasons

Hyphal ontogeny in Neurospora crassa: a model organism for all seasons

Membrane-Coupled mRNA Trafficking in Fungi

A FYVE zinc finger domain protein specifically links mRNA transport to endosome trafficking

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