The Spirografic Oxygen Deficit: Its Role in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Sperlich, Billy; Schiffer, Thorsten; Hoffmann, Uwe; Strueder, Heiko K.; Hollmann, W

doi:10.1055/s-0033-1334877

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…For normobaric conditions, the dissolved O 2 concentration for an alveolar PO 2 of 15 kilopascal (kPa) can be approximated to 3 mL • L -1 for AIR and 6.8 mL • L -1 for EAN (i. e. 34 kPa alveolar PO 2 ), respectively, when assuming a physical solubility for O 2 of 0.2 mL (L • kPa) -1 [35] We assume that during rest and low velocities (i. e. 0.4 m • s -1 ), the muscles' oxygen demand is sufficiently covered. With increasing exercise intensity, the delay of cardiovascular adaptations to the working muscles increased O 2 -demand then creates a local oxygen deficit [36,37]. An increased O 2 supply and the accompanying greater amount of oxygen in the blood increase oxygen uptake (V O 2 ), and could enhance the diffusion of oxygen to the muscle [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperoxia (e. g. hyperbaric conditions underwater) might reduce the amount of metabolic anaerobic glycolysis at least during transient phases after increased exercise intensity [38], thus reducing lactate production and maintaining a higher ph-value with a slower increase in V E from an alleviated respiratory drive [26,38]. This seems especially relevant with a decreased oxygen deficit during work rate transitions and high-intensity exercise [16,36,38], where the acceleration of V O 2 kinetics must be assumed [38,39]. These metabolic adaptions and their influence on VT2 could be backed up in future studies involving spirometric measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assume that during rest and low velocities (i. e. 0.4 m • s -1 ), the muscles' oxygen demand is sufficiently covered. With increasing exercise intensity, the delay of cardiovascular adaptations to the working muscles increased O 2 -demand then creates a local oxygen deficit [36,37]. An increased O 2 supply and the accompanying greater amount of oxygen in the blood increase oxygen uptake (V ̇O2 ), and could enhance the diffusion of oxygen to the muscle [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…increase in V ̇E from an alleviated respiratory drive [26,38]. This seems especially relevant with a decreased oxygen deficit during work rate transitions and high-intensity exercise [16,36,38], where the acceleration of V ̇O2 kinetics must be assumed [38,39]. These metabolic adaptions and their influence on VT2 could be backed up in future studies involving spirometric measurements.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oxygen-enriched Air Decreases Ventilation during High-intensity Fin-swimming Underwater

et al. 2021

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Oxygen-enriched air is commonly used in the sport of SCUBA-diving and might affect ventilation and heart rate, but little work exists for applied diving settings. We hypothesized that ventilation is decreased especially during strenuous underwater fin-swimming when using oxygen-enriched air as breathing gas. Ten physically-fit divers (age: 25±4; 5 females; 67±113 open-water dives) performed incremental underwater fin-swimming until exhaustion at 4 m water depth with either normal air or oxygen-enriched air (40% O2) in a double-blind, randomized within-subject design. Heart rate and ventilation were measured throughout the dive and maximum whole blood lactate samples were determined post-exercise. ANOVAs showed a significant effect for the factor breathing gas (F(1, 9)=7.52; P=0.023; η2 p=0.455), with a lower ventilation for oxygen-enriched air during fin-swimming velocities of 0.6 m·s−1 (P=0.032) and 0.8 m·s−1 (P=0.037). Heart rate, lactate, and time to exhaustion showed no significant differences. These findings indicate decreased ventilation by an elevated oxygen fraction in the breathing gas when fin-swimming in shallow-water submersion with high velocity (>0.5 m·s−1). Applications are within involuntary underwater exercise or rescue scenarios for all dives with limited gas supply.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen-enriched Air Decreases Ventilation during High-intensity Fin-swimming Underwater

et al. 2021

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“… 36 It was reported that inadequate oxygen supply during exercise caused accumulation of oxygen deficit, which was responsible for the reduced exercise capacity in patients with COPD. 37 , 38 Meanwhile, decreased muscle oxygen utilization could reduce the exercise capacity in patients with COPD. 39 Thus, impaired oxygen transport may be the main reason for reduced exercise capacity in COPD patients with nutritional risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between nutritional risk and exercise capacity in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in male patients

Shan¹,

Yanrong²,

Xu³

et al. 2015

COPD

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ObjectiveThe nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is associated with their exercise capacity. In the present study, we have explored the relationship between nutritional risk and exercise capacity in severe male COPD patients.MethodsA total of 58 severe COPD male patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were assigned to no nutritional risk group (n=33) and nutritional risk group (n=25) according to the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS, 2002) criteria. Blood gas analysis, conventional pulmonary function testing, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were performed on all the patients.ResultsResults showed that the weight and BMI of the patients in the nutritional risk group were significantly lower than in the no nutritional risk group (P<0.05). The pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide of the no nutritional risk group was significantly higher than that of the nutritional risk group (P<0.05). Besides, the peak VO2 (peak oxygen uptake), peak O2 pulse (peak oxygen pulse), and peak load of the nutritional risk group were significantly lower than those of the no nutritional risk group (P<0.05) and there were significantly negative correlations between the NRS score and peak VO2, peak O2 pulse, or peak load (r<0, P<0.05).ConclusionThe association between exercise capacity and nutritional risk based on NRS 2002 in severe COPD male patients is supported by these results of this study.

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Physiological and cognitive responses to hyperoxic exercise in full water submersion

Möller

Jacobi

Hoffmann

et al. 2023

European Journal of Sport Science

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The positive effects of combined hyperoxia and physical exercise on physiological parameters and cognitive functioning are established for normobaric laboratory contexts. Still, increased practicability exists in hyperbaric settings like underwater activities and SCUBA diving, where environmental and sport-specific factors might moderate effects. Improved cognition, reduced ventilation (V ̇E), and lower blood lactate concentrations [Lac -] are highly relevant, especially during high-stress and rescue scenarios. Fifteen participants performed 3 × 8 min of continuous underwater fin-swimming at 25 % (low), 45 % (moderate), and 75 % (vigorous) heart rate reserve (HRR) in each test. Three separate test days differed solely by the inspiratory oxygen partial pressure (P I O 2 : 29 kPa, 56 kPa, and 140 kPa). V ̇E was measured continuously, whereas breathing gas analysis, blood sampling, and Eriksen Flanker tasks for inhibitory control (100 stimuli) were performed post-exercise. Two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures on the factors P I O 2 and exercise intensity analyzed physiological outcome variables and reactions times (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of inhibitory control. V ̇E was significantly reduced for 140 kPa during moderate and vigorous and for 56 kPa during vigorous compared to 29 kPa. 56 kPa and 140 kPa showed no differences. [Lac -], post-exercise V ̇CO 2 , and velocity were unaffected by P I O 2 . Faster RTs but lower ACC of inhibitory control were observed following exercise at 75 % HRR compared to rest, 25 %, and 45 % HRR, while P I O 2 produced no effects. Underwater performance in hyperoxia presents reduced V ̇E, possible by dampened chemoreceptor sensitivity, and effects on cognition that differ from laboratory results and emphasise the moderating role of sport-specific factors. Highlights. Hyperoxia-induced reductions in V ̇E with 56 and 140 kPa P I O 2 during constant submaximal finswimming intensity compared to air might be prominently caused by peripheral chemoreceptor suppression. . No difference between 56 and 140 kPa was detected, indicating a P I O 2 threshold limiting further hyperoxic influence on V ̇E. O 2 supply might sufficiently cover metabolic demands of submaximal exercise with 56 kPa, while further reductions in V ̇E could be observed only by severely higher P I O 2 . . Cognitive performance by inhibitory control was unaffected by P I O 2 . Faster RTs but lower ACC were observed following vigorous exercise (75 % HRR) compared to rest, low, and moderate exercise.

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The Spirografic Oxygen Deficit: Its Role in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Oxygen-enriched Air Decreases Ventilation during High-intensity Fin-swimming Underwater

Oxygen-enriched Air Decreases Ventilation during High-intensity Fin-swimming Underwater

Relationship between nutritional risk and exercise capacity in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in male patients

Physiological and cognitive responses to hyperoxic exercise in full water submersion

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