The Spirit of the Laws

Montesquieu,

doi:10.2307/j.ctv2bctf9.5

Cited by 237 publications

(275 citation statements)

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“…1 Since Montesquieu (1748) and Smith (1776), economists agree that good economic institutions must secure private property against expropriation -by both the neighbors and the state. Such security encourages individuals to invest in physical capital, and so fosters economic growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The injustice of inequality

Glaeser

Scheinkman

Shleifer

2003

Journal of Monetary Economics

383

180

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In many countries, the operation of legal, political and regulatory institutions is subverted by the wealthy and the politically powerful for their own benefit. This subversion takes the form of corruption, intimidation, and other forms of influence. We present a model of such institutional subversion -focusing specifically on courts -and of the effects of inequality in economic and political resources on the magnitude of subversion. We then use the model to analyze the consequences of institutional subversion for the law and order environment in the country, as well as for capital accumulation and growth. We illustrate the model with historical evidence from Gilded Age United States and the transition economies of the 1990s. We also present some cross-country evidence consistent with the basic prediction of the model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The injustice of inequality

Glaeser

Scheinkman

Shleifer

2003

Journal of Monetary Economics

383

180

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“…People with power using power didn't rest until meet bounded place." [1] effective supervision of power is the inevitable requirement of power control. There are three kinds of power control way, in the aggregate: power restricting power and right restricting power and restricting power to society.…”

Section: Supervision and Fire Administrative Punishment Body Punishmementioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Administrative Penalty Hearing Procedure in the Deficiencies and Defect

Yang¹

2017

dtssehs

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“…21 This scholarship is distinct from predominant approaches to religion and its societal, economic, and political effects, which focus on denominational nuances or the institutional structures governing Church-state relationships characteristic of particular faiths. 22 In a classic study of religion, Peter Berger highlights the importance of studying the constellations of various religious actors in a given setting. He distinguishes among "religious monopolies" and a religious "pluralistic situation."…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Religious Entrepreneurs: Christian Missionaries and Female Education in Colonial and Post-Colonial India

Lankina¹,

Getachew²

2012

Brit. J. Polit. Sci.

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The paper explores the long-term developmental legacies of Protestant missionary involvement in colonial India, specifically missionary effects on male-female inequalities in educational attainment. Our causal mechanisms draw on studies in the sociology and economics of religion that highlight the importance of the dynamics of religious competition for the provision of public goods. We argue that missionaries played a key role in the development of mass female schooling because of the competition among rival religious and secular groups that they spurred in education provision. We explore these causal mechanisms in a case study of the state of Kerala, and statistical analysis covering most of India's districts. For the statistical analysis, we assembled original district-level datasets covering colonial and post-colonial periods. Our data allow us to establish whether missionary effects hold after we account for other factors hypothesized to have a bearing on human development like British colonial rule, modernization, European presence, education expenditures, post-colonial democracy, Islam, caste and tribal status, and land tenure. Our analysis reveals that colonial-era Christian missionary activity is consistently associated with better female education outcomes in both the colonial and post-colonial periods.

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The Spirit of the Laws

Cited by 237 publications

References 0 publications

The injustice of inequality

The injustice of inequality

Fire Administrative Penalty Hearing Procedure in the Deficiencies and Defect

Competitive Religious Entrepreneurs: Christian Missionaries and Female Education in Colonial and Post-Colonial India

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