The Spherosomes and the Reserve Fat in Plant Cells

Sorokin, Helen P.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1967.tb10727.x

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We previously reported that the removal of pesticides and organochlorine compounds by rice bran and defatted seed can be attributed to the uptake by intracellular particles called spherosomes. 1,2) The historical background of the spherosome, which is considered by some authors to be the direct precursor of the oil body, has been reviewed by Frey-Wyssling et al 7) Sorokin 8) concludes that spherosomes and oil bodies represent separate entities, and that spherosomes are a common feature of most vegetative cells in higher plants, even in cells which do not produce oil, whereas oil bodies are restricted to cells producing oil. She further indicated the differences between the two structures by stating that spherosomes have a limiting membrane, whereas oil bodies do not.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Organochlorine Compounds or Benzene Adsorption Efficiency and Number of Spherosomes from Different Plant Sources

Adachi

Hamamoto

Okano

2003

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Rice bran, wheat bran, rapeseed, linseed, okara, and sakekasu were evaluated for correlations between their effectiveness in adsorbing organochlorine compounds such as chloroform, dichloromethane or benzene and the number of spherosomes. Wheat bran contained the highest concentration of spherosomes, with a mean level of 4.37 × 10 10 spherosomes/g. The lowest was sakekasu, with a mean level of 2.28 × 10 10 spherosomes/ g. There was a high correlation between removal efficiency and the number of spherosomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Organochlorine Compounds or Benzene Adsorption Efficiency and Number of Spherosomes from Different Plant Sources

Adachi

Hamamoto

Okano

2003

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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“…15 -17) FreyWyssling et al 1 ) described that oleosomes are formed from spherosomes which themselves originate from the endoplasmic reticulum, and that oleosomes and spherosomes are surrounded by a unit membrane. Sorokin 2 ) concluded that spherosomes and oleo somes represent separate entities, and that spherosomes are a common feature of most vegetative cells in higher plants, whereas oleosomes are restricted to cells producing oil. She reported that spherosomes have a limiting membrane, whereas oleosomes do not.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Oleosomes in Maturing Safflower Seeds

Ichihara

1982

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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The accumulation of oil in maturing safflower seeds was studied with an electron microscope. It was suggested that net-like clusters of proteinaceous particles in the cytoplasm are the site of triacylglycerol synthesis. No evidence was obtained to support the hypothesis that oleosomes originate in the. endoplasmic reticulum. A hypothesis has been proposed that triacylglycerols are initially synthesized by the net-like clusters in the cytoplasm to form a protein-oil complex, and the triacylglycerols are concentrated in the center of the cluster as their formation proceeds.

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“…Except for their smaller size, they are similar in appearance to the bodies, termed "spherosomes", found in castor bean, cotton, peanut (13,19,26), and yucca (11). Sorokin (22) has criticized use of the term "spherosome" for these latter bodies, which she considers to be neutral storage lipid. We use the term "spherosome" only to conform with much of the literature concerning ultrastructure of seeds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Changes of Embryos in Wheat Infected with Storage Fungi

1970

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Spoilage of grain and oilseeds by storage molds, fungi which attack seeds during storage and cause deterioration, amounts to over 1% of the world's production (14). These losses include decrease in germinability, discoloration of seed, increase in free fatty acids, heating, mustiness, and production of mycotoxins (5). Previous studies concerning grain infected with storage fungi have been concerned with detection of these organisms or chemical changes which occur after infection. In this study electron microscopic examination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Pa 151X107) embryos was undertaken to determine the ultrastructural changes which may occur in wheat seeds infected with storage fungi of the Aspergillus glaucus group. The most striking change found in cells of infected tissue was the coalescence of lipid bodies (spherosomes) to form large masses of amorphous material. In addition, the protoplast was frequently withdrawn from the cell wall, and the plasmalemma appeared to be damaged. Aside from the ultrastructural changes in infected tissue, we report observations on the membrane-like boundary surrounding the lipid bodies (spberosomes). This boundary is ' half the thickness of mitochondrial membrane elements, and does not show convincingly the typical trilaminar structure observed in other biological membranes.Wheat seeds were infected by the natural seed-borne mycoflora when placed in storage at 25 C and 75 % relative humidity. After 26 weeks conidiophores of A. glaucus spp. were observed extending from the embryo end of some seeds. Control seeds were kept at -20 C. Small pieces of tissue were dissected from the embryonic axis of seeds, either dry or imbibed for 2 hr, fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by OS04, dehydrated in ethanol, embedded in Epon 812, and further processed for electron microscopy according to procedures reported earlier (2).The bodies referred to as "lipid bodies" (spherosomes) generally range from 0.2 to 0.5 Aum, but occasionally approach 1.0 Am in diameter or length, are spherical to ovoid and appear identical to bodies termed "spherosomes" in epithelial cells of barley scutellum (6, 18), coleorhiza cells of Zea mays (9), aleurone cells of barley (16,20), and hypocotyl parenchyma cells of Acer platanoides (8). It is not clear whether these bodies are the same as the bodies termed "spherosomes" in Campanula persicifolia guard cells (21) and fungal mycelia (1,25). Except for their smaller size, they are similar in appearance to the bodies, termed "spherosomes", found in castor bean, cotton, peanut (13,19,26), and yucca (11). Sorokin (22) has criticized use of the term "spherosome" for these latter bodies, which she considers to be neutral storage lipid. We use the term "spherosome" only to conform with much of the literature concerning ultrastructure of seeds. Prominent features of embryo cells from control wheat seeds are numerous mitochondria, protein bodies, a heavy population of ribosomes distributed uniformly throughout the cytoplasm, proplastids in the case of shoot cells, a large n...

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The Spherosomes and the Reserve Fat in Plant Cells

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Correlation between Organochlorine Compounds or Benzene Adsorption Efficiency and Number of Spherosomes from Different Plant Sources

Correlation between Organochlorine Compounds or Benzene Adsorption Efficiency and Number of Spherosomes from Different Plant Sources

Formation of Oleosomes in Maturing Safflower Seeds

Ultrastructural Changes of Embryos in Wheat Infected with Storage Fungi

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