“…In 2D, a majority of prior work focus on the characterization and generation of circles, rings, discs, and circular arcs [1,2,23,28,29,40,50,51,58,60,65,70]. In 3D, apart from straight lines and planes [14,[16][17][18]25,26,32,37,46,69], several theoretical studies on the characterization of digital spheres and hyperspheres have appeared recently [15,20,21,31,33,36,54,55,66,67].…”