“…In the dynamic approaches, the spheres change their position or their size during the packing process, which is controlled by a shrinking algorithm (Tory & Jodrey, 1986;Torquato & Jiao, 2010;He et al, 2018), compression forces algorithm (Khirevich, et al, 2013;Baranau & Tallarek, 2014) or gravitational algorithm (Shi & Zhang, 2008;Hitti & Bernacki, 2013;Sahu, 2009;Ilina & Bernacki, 2016). In the case of constructive approaches, sphere parameters like size or position are preserved during the packing process, so they are less costly but have difficulties in achieving high-density packing (Evans, 1993;Cui & O'Sullivan, 2003;Kazakov et al, 2018).…”