The Spen Family Protein FPA Controls Alternative Cleavage and Polyadenylation of RNA

Hornyik, Csaba; Terzi, Lionel C.; Simpson, Gordon G.

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.12.009

Cited by 202 publications

(233 citation statements)

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“…32-34). Thus, FCA and FPA, two proteins with RRM-type RNA-binding domains, control 3′-end formation and alternative polyadenylation of antisense RNAs at the FLC locus (35,36). FCA regulation of FLC requires FLD, a histone demethylase, linking RNA processing to chromatin changes (37).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MSI4/FVE interacts with CUL4–DDB1 and a PRC2-like complex to control epigenetic regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis

Pazhouhandeh

Molinier

Berr

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

161

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Flowering at the right time is crucial to ensure successful plant reproduction and seed yield and is dependent on both environmental and endogenous parameters. Among the different pathways that impinge on flowering, the autonomous pathway promotes floral transition independently of day length through the repression of the central flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). FLC blocks floral transition by repressing flowering time integrators such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). MSI4/FVE is a key regulator of the autonomous pathway that reduces FLC expression. Here we report that the MSI4 protein is a DDB1 and CUL4-associated factor that represses FLC expression through its association with a CLF-Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) in Arabidopsis. Thus, the lack of MSI4 or decreased CUL4 activity reduces H3K27 trimethylation on FLC, but also on its downstream target FT, resulting in increased expression of both genes. Moreover, CUL4 interacts with FLC chromatin in an MSI4-dependant manner, and the interaction between MSI4 and CUL4-DDB1 is necessary for the epigenetic repression of FLC. Overall our work provides evidence for a unique functional interaction between the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (CUL4-DDB1 MSI4 ) and a CLF-PRC2 complex in the regulation of flowering timing in Arabidopsis.I n the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, floral transition is regulated by changes in day length and exposure of plants to long periods of low temperature by two well-defined genetic pathways, called photoperiod and vernalization, respectively (reviewed in refs. 1-3). In addition to environmentally controlled pathways, the gibberellic acid-dependent and the autonomous pathways are controlled by internal cues, ensuring flowering independently of external signals. However, input signals that might control the activities of these pathways are currently unknown. These different pathways converge to regulate several target genes at the transcriptional level, resulting in a complex network of flowering-time regulation. Among target genes, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) encodes a MADS-box transcription factor, which quantitatively blocks the floral transition by repressing the expression of the floral integrator genes SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1/AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 (SOC1/AGL20) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). FLC transcriptional regulation is at the convergence of the vernalization pathway that represses FLC after exposure to low temperatures and the autonomous pathway, which constitutively represses FLC (2, 3). In turn, FLC repression results in floral integrator (i.e., FT and SOC1/AGL20) activation, leading to the induction of expression of floral-primordium-identity genes such as APETALA 1 (AP1) and LEAFY (LFY) and floralorgan-identity genes such as AGAMOUS (AG) and AP3, promoting the transition from a vegetative to an inflorescence meristem (1-3).Mutants in the autonomous pathway flower very late when grown under either long-day (LD) or short-day (SD) photoperiods (4). Cloning of the autonomous pathway gene FVE (5, 6) revealed a WD40 ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MSI4/FVE interacts with CUL4–DDB1 and a PRC2-like complex to control epigenetic regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis

Pazhouhandeh

Molinier

Berr

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

161

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“…These antisense transcripts encompass the whole length of the sense transcript, are alternatively polyadenylated and alternatively spliced (Fig. 4) and they are an integral part of FLC regulation both in the warm and in the cold (Hornyik et al 2010;Liu et al 2010). Increased use of the proximal poly A site in the antisense transcript is linked to reduction in transcription of FLC in the warm and cold (Swiezewski et al 2009;Liu et al 2010), in a mechanism that is independent of the PHD proteins.…”

Section: Cell-autonomous Bistable Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Regulation in Plant Responses to the Environment

Baulcombe

Dean

2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

216

176

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SUMMARYIn this article, we review environmentally mediated epigenetic regulation in plants using two case histories. One of these, vernalization, mediates adaptation of plants to different environments and it exemplifies processes that are reset in each generation. The other, virus-induced silencing, involves transgenerationally inherited epigenetic modifications. Heritable epigenetic marks may result in heritable phenotypic variation, influencing fitness, and so be subject to natural selection. However, unlike genetic inheritance, the epigenetic modifications show instability and are influenced by the environment. These two case histories are then compared with other phenomena in plant biology that are likely to represent epigenetic regulation in response to the environment. Outline

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“…IBM2 has an RRM, which is found in proteins functioning in the 3 0 end processing of mRNAs, such as FPA and FCA in Arabidopsis 23,24 . fpa and fca mutants induce an extensive transcriptional read-through of the 3 0 region of genes 25,26 . Although the functions of IBM2 and FCA / FPA in 3 0 processing may have a mechanistic overlap, ibm2 mutation rather induces premature termination around heterochromatic domains.…”

Section: Bp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism for full-length RNA processing of Arabidopsis genes containing intragenic heterochromatin

et al. 2013

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Genomes of higher eukaryotes contain many transposable elements, which often localize within the transcribed regions of active genes. Although intragenic transposable elements can be silenced to form heterochromatin, the impact of intragenic heterochromatin on transcription and RNA processing remains largely unexplored. Here we show using a flowering plant, Arabidopsis, that full-length transcript formation over intragenic heterochromatin depends on a protein named IBM2 (Increase in Bonsai Methylation 2), which has a Bromo-Adjacent Homology domain and an RNA recognition motif. Mutation of ibm2 triggers premature termination of transcripts with 3 0 RNA processing around intragenic heterochromatin at loci including the H3K9 demethylase gene IBM1. The need for IBM2 is circumvented in variant alleles that lack the heterochromatic domain. Our results reveal a mechanism that masks deleterious effects of intragenic heterochromatin, providing evolutionary sources for genetic and epigenetic variations.

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The Spen Family Protein FPA Controls Alternative Cleavage and Polyadenylation of RNA

Cited by 202 publications

References 50 publications

MSI4/FVE interacts with CUL4–DDB1 and a PRC2-like complex to control epigenetic regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis

MSI4/FVE interacts with CUL4–DDB1 and a PRC2-like complex to control epigenetic regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis

Epigenetic Regulation in Plant Responses to the Environment

Mechanism for full-length RNA processing of Arabidopsis genes containing intragenic heterochromatin

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