The speed of voluntary and priority-driven shifts of visual attention.

Jenkins, Michael; Grubert, Anna; Eimer, Martin

doi:10.1037/xhp0000438

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…While at the earlier intersaccadic intervals both neural representations are most likely to be active at the same time, the 190 ms time point reflects the moment when the new representation dominates the old representation on the oculomotor map. Interestingly, the time-course of updating of the competing representations in the oculomotor system is similar to the one reported in the studies investigating the time-course of shifts of covert spatial attention 35 , 36 . Given the close relationship between attention and eye movements, there is a possibility that these mechanisms are related 37 – 39 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Distractor displacements during saccades are reflected in the time-course of saccade curvature

Leeuwen

Belopolsky

2018

Sci Rep

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Every time we make a saccade we form a prediction about where objects are going to be when the eye lands. This is crucial since the oculomotor system is retinotopically organized and every saccade drastically changes the projection of objects on the retina. We investigated how quickly the oculomotor system accommodates new spatial information when a distractor is displaced during a saccade. Participants performed sequences of horizontal and vertical saccades and oculomotor competition was induced by presenting a task-irrelevant distractor before the first saccade. On half of the trials the distractor remained in the same location after the first saccade and on the other half the distractor moved during the first saccade. Curvature of the second saccade was used to track target-distractor competition. At short intersaccadic intervals, saccades curved away from the original distractor location, confirming that in the oculomotor system spatiotopic representations emerge rapidly and automatically. Approximately 190 ms after the first saccade, second saccades curved away from the new distractor location. These results show that after a saccade the oculomotor system is initially driven by the spatial prediction made before the saccade, but it is able to quickly update these spatial predictions based on new visual information.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Distractor displacements during saccades are reflected in the time-course of saccade curvature

Leeuwen

Belopolsky

2018

Sci Rep

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“…Treisman and Souther (1985) found explaining slopes via variations in dwell time problematic because they observed target-absent slopes as shallow as 13 ms/item (see also Liesefeld et al, 2016, who found statistically significant target-absent slopes down to 2.9 ms/item), whereas traditional estimates of dwell time/shifts of attention are around 150-300 ms (Eriksen & Hoffman, 1972;Duncan, Ward, & Shapiro, 1994;Raymond, Shapiro, & Arnell, 1992;Theeuwes, Godijn, & Pratt, 2004;Ward, Duncan, & Shapiro, 1996. More recent evidence is indicative of shorter dwell times, of the order of 50-60 ms (Grubert & Eimer, 2016;Jenkins, Grubert, & Eimer, 2018), which might still be too long to explain some (barely) inefficient searches.…”

Section: Treisman's Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical attempt to revive the serial/parallel-search dichotomy

Liesefeld

Müller

2019

Atten Percept Psychophys

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A core distinction in Anne Treisman's feature-integration theory (FIT) is in that between parallel and serial search. We outline this dichotomy and selectively review the reasons why it has largely been abandoned in the visual-search community-namely, its theoretical dispensability, failure to find reliable yardsticks for differentiating parallel and serial search, and falsification of core predictions. We then go on to introduce a new theoretical framework that, we argue, clears up some of the theoretical confusion by merging FIT with various competing theories. This framework's core feature is the distinction between and characterization of two fundamentally different search modes: one in which attention is guided to a single item via a priority map (priority guidance), and one in which clumps of multiple items are scanned in parallel in a spatially systematic order (clump scanning). Finally, we will elaborate how this new theoretical framework can resolve current controversies in the literature and how it relates to other existing theories. We (somewhat optimistically) believe that the outcome of this theoretical exercise is a unification of theories of visual search that can explain, or at least is consistent with, all phenomena reported in the visual-search literature that have previously been accounted for by various conflicting theories.

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“…Meanwhile, the Boolean map theory of attention suggests that features in the same dimension (e.g., different colors) can only be attended to one at a time Huang, Treisman, & Pashler, 2007;Morales & Pashler, 1999;Woodman & Luck, 2003). Thus, given a multiset display, the capacity of ensemble perception might be constrained by both (a) the rate of sampling and integrating individual objects in a set, which follows a temporal course at the millisecond scale, and (b) the speed of attending to and summarizing each set in a sequential manner, which requires shifts of attention that are suggested to have a time constant of ≤150 ms (Grubert & Eimer, 2016;Jenkins, Grubert, & Eimer, 2018;Woodman & Luck, 2003). In estimating the capacity of ensemble perception, effects of encoding speed need to be distinguished from effects of internal resource capacity.…”

Section: Capacity Limit Of Ensemble Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity limit of ensemble perception of multiple spatially intermixed sets

Luo

Zhao

2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The visual system is remarkably efficient at extracting summary statistics from the environment. Yet at any given time, the environment consists of many groups of objects distributed over space. Thus, the challenge for the visual system is to summarize over multiple groups. The current study investigates the capacity and computational efficiency of ensemble perception, in the context of perceiving mean sizes of multiple spatially intermixed groups of circles. In a series of experiments, participants viewed an array of one to eight sets of circles. Each set contained four circles in the same colors, but with different sizes. Participants estimated the mean size of a probed set. The set that would be probed was either known before onset of the array (pre-cue condition) or afterwards (post-cue condition). By comparing estimation error in the pre-cue and post-cue conditions, we found that participants could reliably estimate mean sizes for approximately two sets (Experiment 1). Importantly, this capacity was robust against attention bias toward individual objects in the sets (Experiment 2). Varying the exposure time to stimulus arrays did not increase the capacity limit, suggesting that ensemble perception could be limited by an internal resource constraint, rather than the speed of information encoding (Experiment 3). Moreover, we found that the visual system could not encode and hold more individual items than ensemble representations (Experiment 4). Taken together, these results suggest that ensemble perception provides an efficient way of information processing but with constraints.

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The speed of voluntary and priority-driven shifts of visual attention.

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Distractor displacements during saccades are reflected in the time-course of saccade curvature

Distractor displacements during saccades are reflected in the time-course of saccade curvature

A theoretical attempt to revive the serial/parallel-search dichotomy

Capacity limit of ensemble perception of multiple spatially intermixed sets

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