The speed of progression towards obsessive-compulsive disorder

Thompson, Emma M.; Torres, Albina Rodrigues; Albertella, Lucy; Ferrão, Ygor Arzeno; Tiego, Jeggan; Shavitt, Roseli G.; Rosario, Maria Conceição do; Miguel, Eurí­pedes Constantino; Fontenelle, Leonardo F.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.016

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Affecting approximately 3% of the population through the lifespan, OCD is recognized as a major mental illness from which sufferers experience impaired functioning across domains on par with major physical illnesses and schizophrenia (Koran et al 1996;Bystritsky et al 2001). Prevalence is reportedly higher with consideration of -prodromal syndromes‖ that are at high risk of development of serious illness (Fullana et al 2009;Thompson et al, 2020). This disorder is commonly associated with high levels of distress, depression, and hopelessness, as well as serious psychosocial dysfunction and reduced quality of life secondary to symptoms (Hollander et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and competency standards for specialized cognitive behavior therapy for adult obsessive-compulsive disorder

Sookman

Phillips

Anholt

et al. 2021

Psychiatry Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and competency standards for specialized cognitive behavior therapy for adult obsessive-compulsive disorder

Sookman

Phillips

Anholt

et al. 2021

Psychiatry Research

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“…To investigate associated factors of the duration ASO-AD exploratory, the total sample was divided into two subgroups: (1) a group of patients with a short duration ASO-AD < 7 years; and (2) a group of patients with a long duration ASO-AD ≥ 7 years. The definitions of short and long duration ASO-AD, respectively, were based on the results of [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies reported that patients with an early disorder onset sought professional help later than those with a late onset [ 15 ]. However, there are various methodological approaches on how to determine the onset of OCD [ 17 ]. The onset of disorder can either be defined as the moment when patients notice first symptoms [ 18 ]; when these symptoms cause distress [ 19 ]; or when all diagnostic criteria are being fulfilled [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially during this time of first symptom onset, early intervention and prevention programs would be useful and could prevent the progression of OCD even before a full-syndrome OCD develops [ 22 , 23 ]. A recent study by [ 17 ] showed that it takes on average seven years for subthreshold symptoms, which means symptoms of an OCD that did not cause distress, to convert into a diagnosable full-syndrome OCD. This result indicates that the mean duration between age at symptom onset (ASO) and the age where OCD could be diagnosed is 7 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long durations from symptom onset to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A retrospective self-report study

et al. 2021

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Background Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common mental disorders, it takes up to 17 years for patients with OCD to receive adequate therapy. According to existing outdated literature, this study aimed to investigate the current duration between symptom onset and diagnosis and between diagnosis and the beginning of therapy separately. Methods In a cross-sectional study, N = 100 patients diagnosed with OCD undergoing treatment in a psychiatric outpatient department were assessed, using self-report questionnaires on sociodemographic and clinical variables. Based on self-reported information, the durations between age at symptom onset and age at diagnosis, and between age at diagnosis and beginning of therapy were calculated. To investigate associated factors, two subgroups of patients, one with a short duration between symptom onset and diagnosis < 7 years, and another with a long duration between symptom onset and diagnosis ≥ 7 years, respectively, were compared. Results and conclusion Patients reported first symptoms of OCD at a mean age of 18.72 years. The mean duration between age at symptom onset and age at diagnosis was 12.78 years and the mean duration between age at diagnosis and the beginning of therapy was 1.45 years. Subgroup comparison indicated that patients with a short duration between symptom onset and diagnosis were significantly younger than patients with a long duration. However, patients with a short duration between symptom onset and diagnosis were at an older age when they reported first symptoms of OCD. Further, they showed less severe symptoms of OCD, higher functioning levels, and less self-stigmatization than patients with a long duration. It can be concluded that the duration until patients with OCD are diagnosed correctly and receive adequate treatment is still very long. Therefore, the duration between symptom onset and diagnosis should be shortened. Further, the duration between diagnosis and the beginning of therapy could be a good additional approach to reduce the overall duration of untreated disorder.

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“…However, there is a large body of research showing that there are substantial differences between men and women in OCD symptom manifestation, symptom severity, and response to treatment: for example, males were found to have more severe symptoms, poorer response to treatment, higher social impairment, earlier symptom onset, and greater likelihood of presence of intrusive aggressive and sexual obsessions (de Mathis et al., 2011). More recent findings suggest that males have an earlier age of onset of the condition (Mathes, Marabito, & Schmidt, 2019), and when symptoms emerge, males have more rapid onset to reach a diagnosable threshold (Thompson et al., 2020). However, both males and females with earlier onset tend to have more severe and persistent symptoms than do those with later onset (do Rosario‐Campos et al., 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the generality and specificity of gender moderation in obsessive compulsive beliefs: Stacked prediction by correspondence analysis

Kim

McKay

Tolin

2021

British J Clinic Psychol

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Objectives In this study, we examined the degree of generality and specificity of OC beliefs are moderated by gender among individuals with OC disorders. Methods The diagnostic groups consisted of: (1) individuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD; N = 398); (2) individuals with other anxiety disorders (N = 104); and (3) undergraduate students (N = 285). To evaluate the gender moderating effect, we employed stacked prediction by correspondence analysis (CA). To conduct the analysis, we generated a two‐way contingency table with rows of gender nested within the diagnostic groups and columns of OC beliefs stacked to OC symptom severity. To conduct prediction by CA of this stacked table, we considered OC beliefs as predictors and OC symptoms as outcomes. Results We confirmed with the CA results that OC belief generality, but not specificity because the OCD group members did show higher endorsement of OC beliefs compared to individuals with other anxiety disorders. Gender moderated the OC related beliefs of overestimation of threat, inflated responsibility, and intolerance of uncertainty, but not perfectionism in predicting OC symptoms. The correlational results obtained from the stacked prediction by CA further showed that as depression and anxiety increased, endorsement of OC beliefs was stronger for males than females. Discussion Clinical implications and future directions are discussed. Practitioner points OC belief generality was evident in the study but not specificity. Gender moderation was demonstrated in overestimation of threat, inflated responsibility, and intolerance of uncertainty. As depression and anxiety increased, endorsement of OC beliefs was stronger for males than females.

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The speed of progression towards obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Knowledge and competency standards for specialized cognitive behavior therapy for adult obsessive-compulsive disorder

Knowledge and competency standards for specialized cognitive behavior therapy for adult obsessive-compulsive disorder

Long durations from symptom onset to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A retrospective self-report study

Examining the generality and specificity of gender moderation in obsessive compulsive beliefs: Stacked prediction by correspondence analysis

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