The spectrum of iris angiography abnormalities in pseudoexfoliation syndrome

Comparisons of retinal vessel diameter and glaucomatous parameters between both eyes of subjects with clinically unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome

“…In PE+ eyes, we also confirmed a significantly higher IOP and lower MD values suggested the presence of severer glaucoma [22], poorer logMAR VA suggested progressed cataract [23], higher ACF suggested blood-aqueous barrier breakdown[24, 25] and lower CECD suggested keratopathy [26] in PE+ eyes as reported previously.…”

“…Using the ultrasound wall-tracking system, lower distensibility and higher rigidity of the common carotid artery were detected in subjects with PEX/PEX glaucoma than in controls[43]. The significantly higher ACF in the current PE+ eyes suggested an association between PE and blood-aqueous barrier breakdown[24, 25]. In addition, negative correlation between ACF and CRAE (ρ = -0.396, p = 0.0017), CRVE (ρ = -0.517, P <0.0001) suggested that ACF might reflect the endothelial disturbance of ocular vessels.…”

Pattern of Pseudoexfoliation Deposits on the Lens and Their Clinical Correlation- Clinical Study and Review of Literature

“…Parodi et al observed that eyes affected by capsular glaucoma showed signs of microneovascularisation (marked stromal tufts and marked plexi), and anastomotic vessels (peripheral loop, lesser circle and oblique vessels). [20] The microvascular abnormalities at a microscopic level may be responsible for the different phenotypes, (empty spaces of different shapes in classical PXF corresponding to vascular loops or occasional pigment rounding interspersed between radial pigments corresponding to oblique vessels in this study) representing areas of anastomic tufts or different patterns of neovascularisation at different locations giving rise to the diverse pattern of deposits in this entity. These would therefore suggest that the source of the deposits in the eye to be the iris blood vessels (explaining why this is a systemic disease with vascular ischemic episodes) while different ocular features or pattern of deposits are due to different epigenetic influences.…”

“… [16] – [21] One study evaluating IFA pattern in PXF observed that patients clinically affected only monolaterally by PXF show microvascular changes, which are similar in both eyes. [20] The authors concluded that glaucoma represents a more advanced stage of the disease with more pronounced alterations, even though no unique microvascular pattern could be identified by iris angiography. Our study showing different patterns of clinically manifest PXF deposits may represent different stages of disease evolution.…”

Lack of Association of Polymorphisms in Elastin With Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma

“…As the association of hyperhomocysteinemia with vascular disease has been well documented [28], and ocular and systemic blood vessels in PXFS can be abnormal [32], we hypothesized that elevated homocysteine caused by variant forms of genes coding for key enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism could contribute to the PXFS. Defects in LOXL1 can also compromise the elastic structure of blood vessels [33], and that the combined effects of elevated serum homocysteine and LOXL1 deficiency could synergistically contribute to vascular compromise.…”