The spectrum and outcome of paediatric traumatic brain injury in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa has not changed over the last two decades

Buitendag, J J P; Kong, Victor; Bruce, John; Laing, G L; Clarke, Damian; Brysiewicz, Petra

doi:10.7196/samj.2017.v107i9.12394

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The current study found a high male/female ratio for TBI, consistent with ratios found in literature (Buitendag et al, 2017; Gray et al, 2012; Okyere‐Dede, Nkalakata, Nkomo, Hadley, & Madiba, 2013; Popernack et al, 2015; Schrieff et al, 2013; Trefan et al, 2016; World Health Organization, 2006). This is most likely due to risk‐taking behaviour by boys (Granié, 2010; Udoh & Adeyemo, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Developing countries have faced the challenges of road traffic accidents for many years; therefore, it has often been the main cause of TBI (Okyere‐Dede et al, 2013; Schrieff et al, 2013; Udoh & Adeyemo, 2013). However, the prevalence of TBI due to road traffic accidents is lower than previous studies (63 and 79.6% by Okyere‐Dede et al (2013) and Schrieff et al (2013), respectively), and comparable to the more recent study by Buitendag et al (2017) (43%), which may reflect the improved road safety awareness and the tightening of the law on car restrain systems implemented in South Africa since 2014 (South African Government, 2014). However, PVAs are still common, often occurring in children between 4 and 8 years of age, similar to the results of Buitendag et al (2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…However, the prevalence of TBI due to road traffic accidents is lower than previous studies (63 and 79.6% by Okyere‐Dede et al (2013) and Schrieff et al (2013), respectively), and comparable to the more recent study by Buitendag et al (2017) (43%), which may reflect the improved road safety awareness and the tightening of the law on car restrain systems implemented in South Africa since 2014 (South African Government, 2014). However, PVAs are still common, often occurring in children between 4 and 8 years of age, similar to the results of Buitendag et al (2017). This could be because of the lack of safe playgrounds and secure travel to school for children in developing countries, placing them at increased risk for TBI due to PVAs (WHO & UNICEF, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The current study had a higher incidence of severe TBI ( n = 21, 16.2%) compared to previous studies who found incidence rates between 1.9 and 7.6% (Buitendag et al, 2017; Trefan et al, 2016; World Health Organization, 2006). However, comparable numbers of admissions for sever TBI were found in the study by Schrieff et al (2013) (approximately n = 27 per year).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

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Physiotherapy in children hospitalized with traumatic brain injury in a South African tertiary paediatric hospital

Corten

Rahim

et al. 2020

Physiotherapy Res Intl

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Introduction: Physical impairments following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may limit participation in daily living. Physiotherapy could assist in managing these limitations, however, there is a paucity of literature on the physiotherapy management of children in the acute phase of TBI. Objectives: To describe the characteristics, course and outcome of children hospitalized with TBI, with specific reference to the role of physiotherapy. Methods: A retrospective folder review of all children (n = 130, median 5.37 years [IQR 1.88-7.88]) admitted in 2016 with a primary diagnosis of TBI was conducted at a tertiary paediatric hospital. Results: Most cases presented with mild TBI (66.2%). The most common cranial manifestation of the TBI was brain bleeds (80%) and most occurred as a result of road traffic accidents (50%, including both pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents). Physiotherapy was administered in 35 cases (26.9%), with functional interventions, such as mobilizations out of bed, the most common form of therapy (71.4%). Children involved in road traffic accidents, presenting with severe diffuse TBI, resulting in altered tone and coordination problems, admitted to intensive care, monitored with an intracranial pressure or Licox monitor, and receiving occupational therapy and/or been followed up by dieticians, were more likely to receive physiotherapy. The duration of hospitalization (median 4 days [IQR 2-9]) was associated with infections, severity of TBI, presence of an intracranial monitoring, and parietal lobe injury. Conclusion: This is the first study in South Africa investigating standard physiotherapy care in children admitted with TBI. Physiotherapy was provided in a small portion of children and appeared to be well tolerated. However, due to the limited information recorded in the physiotherapy notes, results of this study need to be confirmed in larger, more well-documented studies before generalizations can be made.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

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Physiotherapy in children hospitalized with traumatic brain injury in a South African tertiary paediatric hospital

Corten

Rahim

et al. 2020

Physiotherapy Res Intl

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“…Western studies documented TBI contributing for 8.3% of pediatric emergency department(ED) visits, and commonly with mild severity [9,10]. Reports from developing countries documented TBI to be a very common public health problem with varied burden figures, commonly milder severity and most notably following motor vehicle accidents [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Road traffic accidents (RTA) and falls from height appeared to be the commonest causes of pediatric TBI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Bedry

Tadele

2019

Preprint

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Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major public health problem, is the most common cause of death/disability in children. Glasgow coma scale is used to assess, decide treatment and follow up of TBI. TBI causes and outcome data are scarce from sub-Saharan Africa, non-existent from Ethiopia. We aimed to document pattern and predictors of childhood TBI outcome in a teaching hospital, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS Prospective cohort study was conducted from September 2017 to September 2018 among pediatrics TBI presented to Hawassa University Hospital. Data were collected by structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was carried out and significant associations were declared at p-value of < 0.05. RESULT During 1year period there were 4258 emergency room(ER) visits, TBI contributed to 317(7.4%) cases. The mean age of study subjects was 7.66±3.88 years. Boys, predominantly above 5years of age, comprise 218(68.8%) of study subjects with male to female ratio of 2.2:1. Pedestrian RTA 119 (37.5%) and falls 104 (32.8%) were the commonest causes of TBI. Mild, moderate, and severe TBI were documented in 231(72.9%), 61(19.2%), and 25(7.9%) of cases respectively. Most of TBI cases presented within 24hrs of injury 258(81.4%). Recovery with no neurologic deficit, 267(84.2%); focal neurologic deficit, 30(9.5%); depressed mentation, 10(3.2%) and death 10(3.2%) were documented. Presence of increased intracranial pressure(ICP) at admission [AOR: 1.415 (95% CI: 0.458-9.557)], severe TBI [AOR: 2.103 (95% CI: 0.965-4.524)], presence of hyperglycemia [AOR: 2.318 (95% CI: 0.873-7.874)] and head computed tomographic(CT) scans of contusion, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) or intracranial bleeding [AOR: 2.45 (95% CI: 0.811-7.952)] were found to be predictors of TBI outcome. CONCLUSION TBI contributed to 7.4% of pediatric ER visits. Boys above 5years of age were highly affected. Pedestrian RTA and falls, early presentation (<24hrs of injury) and mild form of TBI were the common documented patterns. Presence of increased ICP, hyperglycemia, severe TBI and CT findings of contusion, DAI/intracranial bleeding were predictors of poor outcome. Public awareness on road safety, childhood safety in preventing falls/animal injuries, closer follow-up of TBI cases for ICP and glycemic controls are recommended.

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Non-accidental injury in children—a sub-Saharan perspective on a multidisciplinary, co-ordinated care approach

et al. 2023

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The spectrum and outcome of paediatric traumatic brain injury in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa has not changed over the last two decades

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Physiotherapy in children hospitalized with traumatic brain injury in a South African tertiary paediatric hospital

Physiotherapy in children hospitalized with traumatic brain injury in a South African tertiary paediatric hospital

Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Non-accidental injury in children—a sub-Saharan perspective on a multidisciplinary, co-ordinated care approach

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